Machine learning-based approach for adakitic rocks tectonic setting determination

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.2

Abstract

Abstract:

Adakitic rocks hold significant geodynamic and metallogenic implications, and accurately determining their tectonic setting is crucial for understanding regional tectonic-magmatic evolution. However, due to the diverse sources, heat regimes, and magma generation mechanisms of adakitic rocks, conventional low-dimensional geochemical methods face limitations in tectonic setting identification. With the exponential growth of geoscience data and advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning offers a novel approach to address this challenge. In this study, we integrate machine learning with geological big data to develop a high-precision adakitic tectonic setting discrimination model and visual representation. We compiled major and trace elements geochemical data from 1075 adakitic rocks worldwide and employed unsupervised learning techniques such as principal component analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding for high-dimensional data reduction. Various machine learning algorithms including random forest, support vector machine, artificial neural network, and K-nearest neighbor were trained. Consequently, we established a Gaussian kernel support vector machine adakitic rock tectonic setting discriminator with 98.5% accuracy and proposed a Ba versus Sr/Nd diagram to delineate three tectonic settings: convergent margin, intraplate volcanism, and Archean craton (comprising greenstone belts). This study broadens the application of machine learning in adakitic rock tectonic setting analysis, offering fresh insights into tectonic-magmatic processes investigation.

Key words: adakitic rock, tectonic setting, discrimination model, major and trace elements, big data analysis, machine learning

CLC Number:

ZHANG Huanbao, HE Haiyang, YANG Shijiao, LI Yalin, BI Wenjun, HAN Shili, GUO Qinpeng, DU Qing. Machine learning-based approach for adakitic rocks tectonic setting determination[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 417-428.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Quantity of major and trace element data of adakitic rocks from different sources

序号	构造背景类型	数据量/条
1	汇聚板块边缘	583
2	板内火山活动	315
3	太古宙克拉通(包括绿岩带)	177

Fig.1 Global distribution of the collected adakitic rock data

Table 2 Missing data of adakitic rock major and trace elements from different provenance

Fig.2 Box plot of major and trace elements concentration in adakitic rocks

Fig.3 Confusion matrix

Fig.4 (a) Confusion matrix based on validation results of Gaussian SVM classifier; (b) Learning curve of Gaussian SVM classifier in classifying different tectonic setting types of adakitic rock

Fig.5 Comparison of four machine learning classification algorithms on the decision problem of distinguishing different tectonic setting types of adakitic rocks

Fig.6 PCA and t-SNE analysis results. (a) PCA loading plot; (b) t-SNE plot.

Fig.7 Confusion matrix based on validation results of four classifiers

Fig.8 Loading plot of important feature element combinations in PCA

Table 3 The PCA component matrix of important characteristic elements

主成分	特征元素组合的权重
主成分	Sr/Nd	Ba	Ce	SiO₂/La	Al₂O₃/Ba	Sr/Hf	Rb/Ni	Sr/Pr	Sr/Zr	Sr/La	TiO₂/CaO	Pr
PC1 (46.0%)	0.398 07	0.025 32	-0.293 69	0.277 49	0.001 62	0.310 43	-0.205 32	0.408 68	0.291 53	0.398 02	-0.219 01	-0.283 56
PC2 (31.2%)	0.132 42	0.460 18	0.343 38	-0.352 9	-0.451 24	0.234 32	-0.118 09	0.114 08	0.279 38	0.116 22	0.167 87	0.350 74

Fig.9 Discriminating diagram for different tectonic setting types of adakitic rock

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