Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of poor-quality native groundwater in river percolation system in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang Rive

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.12

Abstract

Abstract:

The problem of inferior-quality groundwater in the Jianghan plain is becoming more and more serious. The contents of arsenic, ferrous iron, manganese and ammonium nitrogen (so-called “inferior components”) in the native groundwater are well above the safety standards for drinking water, which has an negative impact on the residents’ lives, yet the related research is still relatively weak. In this study, aiming to find out the distribution characteristics of poor-quality native groundwater in the Hanjiang river filtration system, we took a typical area in the downstream of the Hanjiang river filtration system as the research object. We analyzed the chemical composition and the “inferior components” in water samples collected 5 km from the Hanjiang River and 2 km within the range of the main river branch, and discussed the main factors influencing the quality of native groundwater. The results show that on the plane, the “inferior components” of native groundwater were highly heterogeneous spatially, with their concentration varied greatly in adjacent sampling points and the maximum value points mostly found at the river bends. In the vertical direction, the high As, Fe²⁺, Mn and NH₄-N values in groundwater occurred mostly at a depth of about 20 m. Strong reducing environment, neutral pH and rich organic matter are the main reasons that the “inferior components” are concentrated in groundwater. River leachate affect the distribution of inferior-quality native groundwater by changing the redox condition, environmental alkalinity and organic matter content in groundwater.

Key words: lower reaches of Hanjiang River, river percolation system, primary poor-quality groundwater

CLC Number:

X143

HAN Zhihui, MA Teng, SHEN Shuai, DU Yao, WU Xiancang, LIU Wenhui. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of poor-quality native groundwater in river percolation system in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang Rive[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 35-48.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Location of the study area and distribution of sampling points

Fig.2 Hydrogeological profile of the study area

Table 1 Summary of testing methods, agencies and minimum detection thresholds for various test indicators

测试指标	仪器或方法	测试单位	最低检出浓度
基本理化指标 pH值、DO、EC、Eh、T	双通道多参数水质分析仪 (HQ40D,HACH, 美国)	现场测试	0.01、0.01 mg/L、1 μS/cm、 0.1 mV、0.1 ℃
NH₄-N、Fe²⁺、 S^2-含量	便携式分光光度计(HACH2800,美国)		0.01 mg/L、0.01 mg/L、1 μg/L
碱度	滴定法		0.01 mg/L
常规阳离子	电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 (ICAP 6300,美国)	中国地质大学(武汉) 地质调查研究院	0.000 1 mg/L
常规阴离子	离子色谱仪 (ICS-2100,赛默,美国)		0.001 mg/L
氢氧同位素 (δD和δ¹⁸O)	液态水同位素分析仪 (LGR,IWA-45EP,美国)		0.01‰
总砷	原子荧光光度计(AFS-9700,北京吉天)		0.01 mg/L

Table 2 Statistical table for the groundwater chemical characteristics in the study area

参数	单位	孔隙潜水					中层孔隙承压水
参数	单位	极大值	极小值	均值	变异系数		极大值	极小值	均值		变异系数
pH值		7.70	6.27	6.90	0.03	7.86		6.29		6.92		0.04
Eh	mV	222.50	-185.30	-24.49	-4.33	212.00		-170.20		-89.77		-0.69
EC	μS/cm	2 240.00	240.00	937.47	0.38	1 432.00		212.00		743.87		0.27
DO	mg/L	7.55	0.76	2.22	0.55	266.00		0.87		4.14		5.10
K⁺	mg/L	156.50	0.18	9.61	2.74	22.18		0.39		1.42		1.46
Na⁺	mg/L	102.78	3.78	25.60	0.76	145.00		7.50		22.55		0.59
Mg²⁺	mg/L	80.40	7.77	36.07	0.36	68.77		13.46		31.03		0.32
Ca²⁺	mg/L	283.00	35.30	139.30	0.35	230.00		45.00		110.03		0.25
Cl^-	mg/L	206.00	0.40	39.20	1.20	110.53		0.00		6.67		2.43
$NO 3 -$	mg/L	374.21	0.00	39.63	2.01	215.84		0.00		2.44		7.30
$SO 4 2 -$	mg/L	245.57	0.00	37.94	1.49	159.42		0.00		3.90		4.82
TDS	mg/L	1 405.10	157.81	598.51	0.44	1 004.05		227.64		445.27		0.25

Table 2 Statistical table for the groundwater chemical characteristics in the study area

参数	单位	孔隙潜水					中层孔隙承压水
参数	单位	极大值	极小值	均值	变异系数		极大值	极小值	均值		变异系数
pH值		7.70	6.27	6.90	0.03	7.86		6.29		6.92		0.04
Eh	mV	222.50	-185.30	-24.49	-4.33	212.00		-170.20		-89.77		-0.69
EC	μS/cm	2 240.00	240.00	937.47	0.38	1 432.00		212.00		743.87		0.27
DO	mg/L	7.55	0.76	2.22	0.55	266.00		0.87		4.14		5.10
K⁺	mg/L	156.50	0.18	9.61	2.74	22.18		0.39		1.42		1.46
Na⁺	mg/L	102.78	3.78	25.60	0.76	145.00		7.50		22.55		0.59
Mg²⁺	mg/L	80.40	7.77	36.07	0.36	68.77		13.46		31.03		0.32
Ca²⁺	mg/L	283.00	35.30	139.30	0.35	230.00		45.00		110.03		0.25
Cl^-	mg/L	206.00	0.40	39.20	1.20	110.53		0.00		6.67		2.43
$NO 3 -$	mg/L	374.21	0.00	39.63	2.01	215.84		0.00		2.44		7.30
$SO 4 2 -$	mg/L	245.57	0.00	37.94	1.49	159.42		0.00		3.90		4.82
TDS	mg/L	1 405.10	157.81	598.51	0.44	1 004.05		227.64		445.27		0.25

Fig.3 Piper triliner diagram of groundwater in the study area

Fig.4 Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of surface water and groundwater in the study area

Fig.5 Dynamic relationships between river and different aquifer levels

Fig.6 Distribution of As concentrations in the study area

Fig.7 Distribution of Fe2+ concentrations in the study area

Fig.8 Distribution of Mn concentrations in the study area

Fig.9 Distribution of NH4-N concentrations in the study area

Fig.10 Vertical distribution of As, Fe2+, Mn and NH4-N concentrations in groundwater in the study area

Fig.11 Main influencing factors of NH4-N, Fe2+ and Mn concentrations in groundwater

Fig.12 A conceptual genetic model for inferior-quality native groundwater in the river infiltration system

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