Middle-Late Triassic basin prototype and tectonic paleographic response in the Ordos Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.2

Abstract

Abstract:

The Ordos Basin deposited a large set of high quality sandstone reservoirs during the late Middle to Late Triassic. The sedimentary origin of the sandstone reservoirs and their distribution in the basin are well understood. However, the exact paleoboundary of the Ordos Basin and the tectogenetic mechanism of the paleogeographical evolution of the basin are still unclear. Here, by conducting detailed stratigraphic and sequence analyses of 165 boreholes and 57 outcrops in the Ordos Basin and its surrounding basins, we determined the Middle-Late Triassic boundary of the Ordos Basin, and explored the paleogeographic evolution and tectogenesis of the basin. The basin is constrained by the Dalateqi, Inner Mongolia and Datong, Shanxi boundaries to the north, the Ningwu-Taiyuan-Yushe, Shanxi and Anyang-Henan-Kaifeng-Dengfeng, Henan boundaries to the east, the suture zone between the North Qinling Terrance (NQT) and the North China Block (or the Chenhe-Luonan, Shanxi and Nanzhao, Henan boundaries) to the south, and the Malianggou, Gansu boundary to the west. Its northwestern boundary extends along the western margin of the Helan Mountain fault zone. The Middle-Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation can be divided into four sedimentary cycles (SQ1-SQ4), representing the lake evolutionary process from the initial stage (SQ1) to the maximum subsidence stage (SQ2 and SQ3) and then to the later closing stage (SQ4). The sedimentary pattern of the Ordos Basin features a meandering river-delta sedimentary system in the north-northeast and an alluvial fan-braided river-delta sedimentary system in the south-southwest, showing obvious N-S spatial differentiation and E-W temporal differential evolution of depocenter. Our study show that the depocenter migration and paleogeographic differentiation in the basin were controlled by the tectonic evolutions of the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in the south and the Xing’anling-Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) in the north. The paleogeographic evolution of the southern basin was mainly controlled by the QDOB activities. The activation of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt (NQOB), driven by the closure of the Mianlue Ocean in the Middle-Late Triassic, not only led to the formation of the southern steep slope of the basin and the abrupt paleogeomorphologic change in southeastern basin, but also the development of an underwater low uplift, separating the inner craton basin and the southwestern foreland-like basin in the Late Triassic. The paleogeomorphological evolution in western basin was controlled by complex structural mechanisms. There had been a minor north-south uplift in the western margin during the Middle Triassic, most likely affected by a strong compression occurred remotely in southeastern basin. During the middle Late Triassic, the uplift sink and the Ordos Basin area were connected to the Hexi Corridor Basin, presumably under the flexure subsidence effect of the extrusion stress in the Tethyan tectonic domain to the southwest. These results have present-day significance for the oil and gas exploration in the basin as well as for advancing the theory of basin-mountain coupling.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Triassic, prototype basin, sequence stratigraphy, basin-mountain coupling

CLC Number:

RUAN Zhuang, LUO Zhong, YU Bingsong, LU Yuanzheng, XIE Haochen, YANG Zhihui. Middle-Late Triassic basin prototype and tectonic paleographic response in the Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 12-21.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Boundary of the Middle-Late Triassic prototype basin in the Ordos Basin (area enclosed in the red rectangle is the same area shown in Fig.13)

Fig.2 Lithostratigraphic columns of Middle-Upper Triassic strata in the Gaotouyao, Ningwu and Chengliu sections, Ordos Basin

Fig.3 Lithological characteristics of outcrops around the Ordos Basin

Fig.4 Lithostratigraphic columns of Middle-Upper Triassic strata in the Wulichuan, Liushan and Cedipo sections, Ordos Basin (See Fig.2 for figure legend)

Fig.5 Lithostratigraphic columns of Middle-Upper Triassic strata in the Yaoshan, Malianggou and Ruishuihe sections, Ordos Basin (See Fig.2 for figure legend)

Fig.6 Columnar section showing, from left to right, the sedimentary features of the floodplain, braided (meandering) river-deltaic and lacustrine facies as well as the sequence stratigraphic delineation of the Yanchang Formation in the Ruishuihe section, Ordos Basin

Fig.7 Correlation of sequences and depositional facies of the Yanchang Formation from west to east across boreholes and outcrops in the Ordos Basin

Fig.8 Correlation of sequences and depositional facies of the Yanchang Formation from NE to SW across boreholes in the Ordos Basin

Fig.9 Contour map of the sandstone/stratum thickness ratio for the depositional sequences (SQ1-SQ4) of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

Fig.10 Paleogeographic map of the depositional sequences of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

Fig.11 A tectonic model of the Ordos Basin during the Middle-Late Triassic

Fig.12 Sedimentary evolutions of the southeastern Ordos Basin in the Early-Middle Triassic and Middle-Late Triassic periods

Fig.13 Stratigraphic thickness of the SQ3 unit in the Yanchang Formation and depositional pattern in the southwestern section (A-A') in the Ordos Basin

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