Characteristics and controlling factors of volcanic reservoirs of subaqueous pyroclastic rocks: An analysis of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.11.12

Abstract

Abstract:

A clear understanding of the reservoir characteristics and formation process is important for analyzing the distribution of favorable reservoirs and evaluating their qualities. However, the multi-component and multi-feature characteristics of volcanic rocks can complicate the reservoir formation process. Here, we used a dataset of porosity, permeability, pore aperture and thin section from 5 boreholes to analyze the reservoir characteristics, components of void space, fracture aperture and relationship between the primary and secondary porosities in the Kora Volcano. The followings are the results: Firstly, the porosity is mainly contributed from secondary pores, followed by fractures then primary pores. The Kora Volcano has high porosity and permeability and bimodal to unimodal pore aperture. Secondly, the microfractures should have been generated during the magma fragmentation and/or eruptive period(s). The macrofractures were generated by the compressional tectonism and had existed before the oil charging. The sieve and moldic pores should have been generated during the weathering and deep burial stages. The intercrystal micropores were generated by the alteration and/or devitrification diagenesis during the burial stage. Thirdly, the primary porosity controls the secondary porosity. The threshold value of fracture aperture for generating sieve and moldic pores is ca. 9 μm in the Kora Volcano. The bigger aperture of fracture appeared prior to the sieve and moldic pores. And finally, the increasing content of non-juvenile particles could remarkable decrease the total porosity, especially in high porosity rocks. The porosity and permeability of proximal belt are higher than those of distal belt. The calcite cementation also reduced the porosity and permeability of tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, especially in the distal belt of submarine eruption volcano. The findings presented in this work can provide insights into the origin, evolution and distribution of volcanic reservoirs.

Key words: Taranaki Basin, Miocene, volcanic reservoirs, fracture, reservoir origin, controlling factors

CLC Number:

TANG Huafeng, WANG Hanfei, Ben KENNEDY, ZHANG Xinyu, Marcos ROSSETTI, Alan Patrick BISCHOFF, Andrew NICOL. Characteristics and controlling factors of volcanic reservoirs of subaqueous pyroclastic rocks: An analysis of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 375-387.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Maps showing the location of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.2 Composite column of the Taranaki Basin in New Zealand

Fig.3 Characteristics of core sections of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.4 Void space characteristics of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.5 Contribution of each kind of void space to the total porosity of rocks in the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.6 Porosity and Permeability characteristics of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand (Other data from [36-37])

Fig.7 Pore aperture diameter characteristics of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand (data after [38])

Fig.8 Comparison of alteration intensity and dissolution diagenesis in pyroclastic rocks and tuffetite in the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.9 Pore formation process in the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.10 Fracture aperture characteristics of the Miocene Kora Valcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.11 Comparisons of the pore evolution of the 6 μm diameter pore with others

Fig.12 Contribution of each kind of void space to total porosity in and surface porosity characteristics of volcanic particles from the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. (a,b) Tuff fragment; (c,d) Welded tuff fragment; and (e,f) Andesite fragment.

Fig.13 Relationship between the nonjuvenile particle content and porosity in the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Fig.14 Relationship between the facies belt and porosity in the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

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