Characteristics of stress state transitions and its geological and mechanical response in the Kuqa Depression

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.25

Abstract

Abstract:

Combined with the latest drilling, logging and seismic data we carry out numerical simulation to better understand the characteristics of the late Himalayan paleostress evolution in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin. Using finite element numerical simulation method we obtained the three-dimensional distribution of the late Himalayan stress field in the Bashijiqike Formation in the Kelasu tectonic belt whereby accurately determined the paleostress state. By analyzing the relationship between the paleostress state and macrostructural style, fracture occurrence and reservoir physical properties, the geological and mechanical response to the paleostress state transition was systematically revealed. Finally, the influece mechanism between the paleostress state transition and reservoir physical properties was revealed by means of discrete element numerical simulation. During the late Himalayan, the stress field gradually transformed from a thrust-type stress field to a strike-slip type stress field at a depth range of 6500-7500 m. Above 6500 m depth, under thrust stress field, the compaction hole reduction increased with increasing burial depth, and the stress state and rock strength were not conducive to the development of fractures. Below 7500 m depth, the strike-slip stress field was conducive to the preservation of reservoir pores and rock fracturing. The above results deepen the understanding of the tectonic settings, reservoir properties and rock mechanical properties of the Kuqa Depression, suggesting the paleostress state transition provided the mechanical basis for the formation of large and medium-sized oil and gas field in the ultradeep reservoir of the Kelasu tectonic belt. This discovery has guiding significance for the next stage oil and gas exploration and development in the Kelasu tectonic belt.

Key words: paleostress state, geomechanics, Kelasu tectonic belt, stress field simulation, tectonic fracture

CLC Number:

P618.13

ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Guanjie, XU Ke, YIN Guoqing, WANG Zhimin, LUO Yang, WANG Haiying, ZHANG Binxin, LIANG Jingrui, YUAN Fang, ZHAO Wei, ZHANG Wei, LU Xing. Characteristics of stress state transitions and its geological and mechanical response in the Kuqa Depression[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 177-194.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 (a) Structural units, (b) near S-N profile A-A’ (see Fig.1 for profile location) and (c) stratgraphic colunm of the Kuqa Depression (modified from [2])

Fig.2 Cretaceous-Quaternary tectonic evolution in central Kuqa Depression (see Fig.1 for profile B-B’ location)

Fig.3 Characteristics of fracture development in well Bozi 12

Fig.4 Characteristics of core fracture development in the Bozi-Dabei Block

Fig.5 Thin sections from the Bashijiqike Formation in the Bozi-Dabei Block revealing the microscopic characteristics of fracture development

Fig.6 Logging interpretation of geomechanical parameters for well Bozi 21

Fig.7 Geomechanical modeling of the Bozi-Dabei section in the late Himalayan

Table 1 Mechanical parameters used in numerical simulation of finite element stress field

地层	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	岩石密度/ (g·cm^-3)
第四系(Q)	12.4	0.27	2.45
康村组(N_1-2k)	26.0	0.25	2.59
吉迪克组(N₁j)	36.7	0.24	2.64
苏维依组(E_2-3s)	19.1	0.26	2.54
库姆格列木群(E_1-2km¹) 上泥岩段	20.7	0.26	2.56
膏盐层	15.0	0.25	2.30
巴什基奇克组	25~31	0.22~0.32	2.51~2.66
围岩	25.0	0.25	2.50

Fig.8 Numerical simulation results. (a) Plane distribution of the late Himalayan stress field. (b) The vertical transformation characteristics of paleostress state.

Fig.9 Relationship between paleostress state transition characteristics and tectonic styles in Bozi-Dabei area

Fig.10 Histograms of dip-angles of fractures under different conversion stress fields

Fig.11 Histograms of dip-angles of fractures under different paleostress states. Light purple is thrust stress field, and yellow is strike-slip stress field. Location is shown in Fig.10.

Fig.12 Microscopic characteristics of sandstone reservoir spaces at different depths in Bozi-Dabei area

Fig.13 Relationship between porosity and burial depth in Kelasu tectonic belt (data quoted from [40])

Fig.14 Distribution of in situ stress in the Bozi block and its relationship with reservoir properties

Fig.15 Relationship between the magnitude of principal stress and buried depth in Bozi-Dabei area

Fig.16 Comparative analysis of the present stress and the late Himalayan stress fields

Fig.17 Boundary conditions in discrete element numerical simulation and porosity changes during simulation

Table 2 Parameter settings used in discrete element numerical simulation

细观参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	2 500
初始孔隙度/%	30
颗粒杨氏模量/GPa	35
颗粒摩擦系数	0.3
重力加速度/(m·s^-2)	9.8
平行粘结法向强度/(J·MPa^-1)	55
平行粘结切向强度/(J·MPa^-1)	30

Table 3 Discrete element numerical simulation scheme

实验编号	S_v/MPa	$S H m a x$ /MPa	$S h m i n$ /MPa
1	50	90	70
2	60	90	70
3	70	90	70
4	80	90	70

Table 3 Discrete element numerical simulation scheme

实验编号	S_v/MPa	$S H m a x$ /MPa	$S h m i n$ /MPa
1	50	90	70
2	60	90	70
3	70	90	70
4	80	90	70

Fig.18 Reservoir porosity reduction mechanism controlled by different stress states. (a) Thrust stress field; (b) Transformational stress field; (c) Strike-slip stress field.

References 44

[1]	常德双, 王贵重, 温铁民, 等. 中国前陆冲断带油气地震勘探技术及发展方向[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(1): 276-294. DOI
[2]	杨海军, 李勇, 唐雁刚, 等. 塔里木盆地克深气田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(3): 399-414. DOI
[3]	魏国齐, 王俊鹏, 曾联波, 等. 克拉苏构造带盐下超深层储层的构造改造作用与油气勘探新发现[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(1): 20-30.
[4]	杨学文, 王清华, 李勇, 等. 库车前陆冲断带博孜—大北万亿方大气区的形成机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(6): 175-187. DOI
[5]	杨海军, 孙雄伟, 潘杨勇, 等. 塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带西部构造变形规律与油气勘探方向[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(1): 31-37.
[6]	曾庆鲁, 莫涛, 赵继龙, 等. 7000 m以深优质砂岩储层的特征、成因机制及油气勘探意义: 以库车坳陷下白垩统巴什基奇克组为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(1): 38-47.
[7]	杨克基, 漆家福, 马宝军, 等. 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带盐上和盐下构造变形差异及其控制因素分析[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2018, 42(2): 211-224.
[8]	江同文, 张辉, 徐珂, 等. 超深层裂缝型储层最佳井眼轨迹量化优选技术与实践: 以克拉苏构造带博孜A气藏为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 149-161.
[9]	XU K, YANG H J, ZHANG H, et al. Fracture effectiveness evaluation in ultra-deep reservoirs based on geomechanical method, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 215: 110604.
[10]	XU K, ZHANG H, DONG R X, et al. In situ stress distribution in Cretaceous ultra-deep gas field from 1D mechanical earth model and 3D heterogeneous geomechanical model, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 937393.
[11]	王珂, 肖安成, 曹婷, 等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带地质结构与油气勘探领域[J]. 地质学报, 2022, 96(2): 368-386.
[12]	汤良杰, 漆立新, 邱海峻, 等. 塔里木盆地断裂构造分期差异活动及其变形机理[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28(8): 2569-2583.
[13]	王珂, 张荣虎, 曾庆鲁, 等. 库车坳陷博孜—大北地区下白垩统深层-超深层储层特征及成因机制[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2022, 51(2): 311-328.
[14]	王清华, 徐振平, 张荣虎, 等. 塔里木盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(1): 15-32. DOI
[15]	曾联波, 刘国平, 朱如凯, 等. 库车前陆盆地深层致密砂岩储层构造成岩强度的定量评价方法[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1601-1609.
[16]	王珂, 张荣虎, 王俊鹏, 等. 超深层致密砂岩储层构造裂缝分布特征及其成因: 以塔里木盆地库车前陆冲断带克深气田为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2): 338-353.
[17]	王珂, 杨海军, 张惠良, 等. 超深层致密砂岩储层构造裂缝特征与有效性: 以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深8气藏为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(4): 719-729.
[18]	ZHANG R H, WANG K, ZENG Q L, et al. Effectiveness and petroleum geological significance of tectonic fractures in the ultra-deep zone of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt: a case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen gas field[J]. Petroleum Science, 2021, 18(3): 728-741.
[19]	高志勇, 王晓琦, 李建明, 等. 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系储层孔喉组合类型定量表征与展布[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(6): 645-659. DOI
[20]	刘敬寿, 丁文龙, 肖子亢, 等. 储层裂缝综合表征与预测研究进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2019, 34(6): 2283-2300.
[21]	任启强, 金强, 冯振东, 等. 和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层关键期构造裂缝预测[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44(6): 1-13.
[22]	张惠良, 张荣虎, 杨海军, 等. 超深层裂缝-孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价: 以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(2): 158-167.
[23]	张惠良, 张荣虎, 杨海军, 等. 构造裂缝发育型砂岩储层定量评价方法及应用: 以库车前陆盆地白垩系为例[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28(3): 827-835.
[24]	曾联波. 库车前陆盆地喜马拉雅运动特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2004, 25(2): 175-179.
[25]	徐珂, 田军, 杨海军, 等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷超深层现今地应力对储层品质的影响及实践应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(1): 13-23. DOI
[26]	王平. 地质力学方法研究: 不同构造力作用下地应力的类型和分布[J]. 石油学报, 1992, 13(1): 1-12. DOI
[27]	DAHLSTROM C D A. Structural geology in eastern margin of Canadian Rocky Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1970, 18(3): 332-406.
[28]	LIU J S, YANG H M, XU K, et al. Genetic mechanism of transfer zones in rift basins: insights from geomechanical models[J]. GSA Bulletin, 2022, 134(9/10): 2436-2452.
[29]	赵海涛, 童亨茂. 琼东南盆地北部地区变换带构造特征及地质意义[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(2): 11-20.
[30]	LIU J S, DING W L, YANG H M, et al. 3D geomechanical modeling and numerical simulation of in situ stress fields in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Cen’gong Block, South China[J]. Tectonophysics, 2017, 712: 663-683.
[31]	刘之的, 汤小燕, 于红果, 等. 基于岩石力学参数评价火山岩裂缝发育程度[J]. 天然气工业, 2009, 29(11): 20-21, 26, 135-136.
[32]	王珂, 戴俊生, 冯建伟, 等. 塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带储层岩石力学参数研究[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 38(5): 25-33.
[33]	刘敬寿, 丁文龙, 杨海盟, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区天然裂缝与岩石力学层演化: 基于数值模拟的定量分析[J]. 地球科学, 2023, 48(7): 2572-2588.
[34]	丁文龙, 曾维特, 王濡岳, 等. 页岩储层构造应力场模拟与裂缝分布预测方法及应用[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(2): 63-74. DOI
[35]	LIU J S, MEI L F, DING W L, et al. Asymmetric propagation mechanism of hydraulic fracture networks in continental reservoirs[J]. GSA Bulletin, 2023, 135(3/4): 678-688.
[36]	徐珂, 杨海军, 张辉, 等. 基于地质力学方法的深层致密气藏高效勘探技术: 以库车坳陷迪北气藏为例[J]. 地球科学, 2023, 48(2): 621-639.
[37]	能源, 谢会文, 孙太荣, 等. 克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2013, 18(2): 1-6.
[38]	陈钢花, 吴文圣, 王中文, 等. 利用地层微电阻率成像测井识别裂缝[J]. 测井技术, 1999, 23(4): 279-281, 298.
[39]	毛亚昆, 钟大康, 李勇, 等. 库车前陆冲断带白垩系中-深层砂岩储层孔渗关系及控制因素[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2016, 45(6): 1184-1192.
[40]	史超群, 王佐涛, 朱文慧, 等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带大北地区超深储层裂缝特征及其对储层控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(12): 1687-1699. DOI
[41]	史超群, 许安明, 魏红兴, 等. 构造挤压对碎屑岩储层破坏程度的定量表征: 以库车坳陷依奇克里克构造带侏罗系阿合组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 205-215. DOI
[42]	王晓杰, 彭仕宓, 吕本勋, 等. 用正交偶极阵列声波测井研究地层地应力场[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 32(4): 42-46.
[43]	李坤, 程谦恭, 林棋文, 等. 高速远程滑坡颗粒流研究进展[J]. 地球科学, 2022, 47(3): 893-912.
[44]	崔蓬勃, 朱永全, 刘勇, 等. 非饱和砂土隧道土拱效应模型试验及颗粒流数值模拟研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(12): 3451-3466.