地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 97-112.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.77

• 沉积时空再造 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地下丘里塔格组构造——沉积环境与岩相古地理格局

张鑫磊1(), 方成名1, 高志前2,*(), 冯帆1, 张继标1, 周家全1   

  1. 1.中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100089
    2.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-21 修回日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 高志前
  • 作者简介:张鑫磊(1995—),男,博士后,主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积学研究工作。E-mail: 453584479@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“深部驱动型碳酸盐岩饱和流体约束下的塔里木盆地构造-热演化历史恢复及成储机制揭示(42330812)”;国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于裂缝脉体应力 时间分析的走滑断裂活动历史恢复:以塔河地区为例(42202168)”

Tectono-sedimentary environment and lithofacies paleogeographic pattern of the Xiaqiulitage Formation in the Tarim Basin, NW China

ZHANG Xinlei1(), FANG Chengming1, GAO Zhiqian2,*(), FENG Fan1, ZHANG Jibiao1, ZHOU Jiaquan1   

  1. 1. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100089, China
    2. School of Energy Resource, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-11-21 Revised:2025-03-26 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: GAO Zhiqian

摘要:

上寒武统下丘里塔格组是塔里木盆地当前油气增储上产的重点层系,恢复该时期盆内构造-岩相古地理格局可为进一步的油气勘探开发提供地质依据。在充分调研造山带和古板块最新研究成果的基础上,本研究结合露头、钻井、地震和地球化学分析完整讨论了晚寒武世塔里木周缘造山带构造演化过程、盆内构造沉积格局及与古地理之间的耦合关系。研究发现:晚寒武世北昆仑洋和北阿尔金洋均开始发生洋陆俯冲活动,塔里木板块周缘表现为“南压北张”构造环境。盆内继承了早中寒武世“西台东盆、两台夹一盆”的构造格局,西部为塔西浅水碳酸盐岩台地,东部为深水盆地,东缘为罗西台地,台盆之间为镶边台缘带及斜坡过渡带。满西台缘带前期以垂向加积作用为主,后期向塔东盆地进积明显。塔西台地内部表现为“两隆两坳”地貌格局,以开阔台地、局限台地相沉积为主。其中顺南和塔西南斜坡地区为地貌低势区,发育台内洼地;塔北和巴楚地区为水下低隆区,内部发育潟湖和局限台坪沉积,外围发育台内滩相沉积,存在准同生暴露岩溶作用,具有优质储层发育潜力。该时期台内的构造沉积分异格局可能受控于北阿尔金和北昆仑陆弧与塔里木克拉通挤压拼贴产生的远端效应。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 下丘里塔格组, 构造沉积环境, 晚寒武世, 岩相古地理

Abstract:

The Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in the Tarim Basin represents a critical stratigraphic target for hydrocarbon exploration and development. Reconstructing its tectono-sedimentary paleogeographic framework provides essential geological constraints for optimizing exploration strategies. Integrating comprehensive investigations of orogenic belts and paleo-plate configurations with analyses of geological outcrops, drilling cores, seismic profiles, and geochemical datasets, this study systematically examines the tectonic evolution of peripheral mountain systems, basin-scale depositional architecture, and their spatiotemporal coupling mechanisms during the Xiaqiulitage Formation period. During Late Cambrian, the Tarim Block experienced bidirectional subduction dynamics with oceanic plate consumption along both the North Kunlun and North Altyn continental margins, creating a distinctive “south-compressional, north-extensional” peripheral tectonic regime. Intra-basin deposition maintained the Early-Middle Cambrian “western platform - eastern basin” configuration, comprising Western Shallow-Water Carbonate Platform, Eastern Deep-Water Basin and Luoxi Carbonate Platform (eastern margin). The platform-basin transition occurred through rimmed carbonate platform margin and slope system. The Manxi Platform Margin demonstrated initial vertical accretion followed by eastward progradation into the basin. Platform interior architecture featured two uplifts and two depressions, with alternating restricted and open marine environments. The Shunnan and Southwest slopes hosted intra-platform depressions, while the Tabei and Bachu uplifts developed submarine paleo-highs characterized by restricted tidal flats/lagoons encircled by high-energy shoal complexes. These shoal facies exhibit significant reservoir potential through penecontemporaneous karstification. The observed tectono-sedimentary differentiation reflects far-field stress propagation from arc-continent collisions along the North Altyn and North Kunlun margins, demonstrating cratonic interior responses to peripheral orogenic processes.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Xiaqiulitage Formation, tectono-sedimentary environment, Late Cambrian, lithofacies paleogeography

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