地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 483-496.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.7

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塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型岩溶暗河类型、发育特征及其形成条件

杨德彬1,2(), 高济元3,4,*(), 张恒3,4, 蔡忠贤3,4, 吕艳萍1,2, 张娟1,2, 汪彦1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油化工集团公司碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830013
    3.油气勘探开发理论与技术湖北省重点实验室(中国地质大学(武汉)), 湖北 武汉 430074
    4.中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-17 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
  • 通信作者: *高济元(1996—),男,博士研究生,主要从事岩溶地质、碳酸盐岩储层精细描述等方面的研究。E-mail: jygao@cug.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨德彬(1984—),男,高级工程师,主要从事碳酸盐岩油气藏开发方面的研究。E-mail: yangdb.xbsj@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA14010302);中石化西北油田分公司科研项目(KY2021-S-094);中石化科研项目(P23034)

Types, development characteristics and formation conditions of large paleokarst conduits in the Ordovician, Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin

YANG Debin1,2(), GAO Jiyuan3,4,*(), ZHANG Heng3,4, CAI Zhongxian3,4, LÜ Yanping1,2, ZHANG Juan1,2, WANG Yan1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Fractured-vuggy Reservoirs, CNPC, ürümqi 830011, China
    2. SINOPEC Northwest Company of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, ürümqi 830011, China
    3. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
    4. School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2024-04-17 Revised:2024-10-12 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

摘要:

由于多期岩溶作用叠加改造,塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系形成了类型丰富、形态各异、结构复杂的古岩溶暗河系统,具有广阔的勘探与开发前景。基于三维地震资料和测井数据,结合地震属性提取技术和波阻抗反演技术,恢复了塔河油田奥陶系古构造、古地貌和古水文面貌,阐述了大型岩溶暗河的平面形态和垂向分层特征,通过分析大型岩溶暗河发育的主控因素,揭示了其特殊的形成条件,最终建立了多样的岩溶暗河地质模式。研究结果表明:塔河油田奥陶系发育13条大型表生岩溶暗河系统,在平面上呈现出单支状、树枝状和迷宫状等多种形态,垂向上自东向西发育7层可对比的洞穴层。塔河油田奥陶系大型岩溶暗河的发育受控于特殊的强制性汇聚型岩溶水动力场,这些水动力场具备得天独厚的补水、导水、汇水和排水条件。大型岩溶暗河结构的多样性与水动力场类型的多变性密切相关,塔河油田奥陶系形成了背斜汇流型、岩溶峡谷型、单斜面流型和向斜汇流型4种岩溶暗河发育地质模式。上述成果为塔河油田奥陶系岩溶暗河型储层的深入认识提供了重要依据。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 塔河油田, 奥陶系, 大型岩溶暗河, 暗河发育模式

Abstract:

Due to multi-phase karstification superimposed over different geological periods, the Ordovician in the Tahe area of the Tarim Basin has developed paleokarst conduit systems characterized by diverse types, complex morphologies, and intricate structures, demonstrating significant exploration and development potential. By integrating 3D seismic data, well logging data, seismic attribute extraction, and wave impedance inversion technologies, this study reconstructs the paleo-tectonic, paleo-geomorphic, and paleo-hydrological conditions of the Ordovician in the Tahe Oilfield. The planar morphology and vertical stratification of large-scale karst conduits are systematically analyzed, and their unique genetic mechanisms are elucidated by identifying the key controlling factors governing conduit development. Based on these findings, a comprehensive geological model of karst conduits is established. The results reveal that the Ordovician formation in the Tahe Oilfield hosts 13 large-scale epigenic karst conduits systems, exhibiting diverse planar configurations such as single-branch, dendritic, and maze-like patterns. Vertically, seven correlative cave layers are identified, with development depth progressively increasing from east to west. The structural heterogeneity of these karst conduits is closely associated with variations in hydrodynamic field types. Four distinct geological models of conduit development are proposed for the Ordovician in the Tahe Oilfield: “Anticlinal confluence type” “Karst canyon type” “Single-bevel flow type” and “Syncline flow type”. The proposed models offer new perspectives on Ordovician karst conduit evolution in the Tahe Oilfield, serving as both a theoretical benchmark and practical tool for hydrocarbon exploitation.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Tahe Oilfield, Ordovician, large karst conduits, development pattern of karst conduits

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