地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 453-470.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.2.1

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塔里木盆地阿满过渡带东部19号走滑断裂构造解析及控储意义

刘冰雷1,2(), 赵永刚1,2,*(), 张银涛3, 周飞3, 谢舟3, 姚超3, 尹帅1,2, 丁留洋1,2, 赵龙飞3, 孙冲3   

  1. 1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710065
    2.西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710065
    3.中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27 修回日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
  • 通信作者: *赵永刚(1976—),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层精细描述等方面的研究工作。E-mail: yg_zhao@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘冰雷 (1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积与油区构造解析的研究工作。E-mail: bboy121elegant@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42302167);中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田公司科研项目(041023070078)

Structural analysis and reservoir-controlling significance of No.19 strike-slip fault in the eastern Aman transition zone, Tarim Basin

LIU Binglei1,2(), ZHAO Yonggang1,2,*(), ZHANG Yintao3, ZHOU Fei3, XIE Zhou3, YAO Chao3, YIN Shuai1,2, DING Liuyang1,2, ZHAO Longfei3, SUN Chong3   

  1. 1. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China
    2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China
    3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petro China, Korla, 841000, China
  • Received:2024-12-27 Revised:2025-02-14 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

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摘要：

塔里木盆地北部坳陷走滑断裂发育,是阿满过渡带东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩断控储层发育的关键。从19号走滑断裂带断控油藏描述和油藏开发的实际需要出发,以三维地震和奥陶系地质信息为基础,具体分析了19号走滑断裂带的分层变形特征、分段变形特征、活动性特征、活动期次和断裂的演化过程,重点研究了该走滑断裂带的控储意义。研究结果如下所述。(1)19号走滑断裂带可划分为4个构造层,自下而上依次为寒武系盐下构造层、中寒武统膏盐岩构造层、中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩构造层和志留系碎屑岩构造层。(2)根据断裂走向和奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶面断裂的组合特征划分为马尾段、斜列段、辫状段、叠覆段和线性段。(3)中下奥陶统19号走滑断裂带整体活动性较强,断裂变形幅度大,该走滑断裂带可划分出7个张扭段、7个压扭段和3个平移段;该走滑断裂带经历了多期构造演化,加里东早期和加里东中期为该断裂带主要活动关键期。(4)该走滑断裂带不同平面分段样式对储层发育的控制作用不同,辫状段和叠覆段储层发育相对较好,马尾段、斜列段和线性段储层发育相对较差;剖面构造样式对储层发育的控制作用明显,张扭段利于形成大规模储层,压扭段利于储层发育,平移段发育的储层规模有限;该走滑断裂带平面分段样式与剖面构造样式叠合对储层发育的控制作用造成同一条断裂带不同叠合段的油气藏规模有明显差异。(5)该走滑断裂带的分层变形、平面分段样式、活动性和剖面构造样式共同造成了同条断裂带不同部位储层发育程度的差异。研究意义:该研究为走滑断裂断控储层纵向发育规律和连通性研究提供了重要的走滑构造基础,也为深入研究走滑断裂断控储层的控储意义提供了重要借鉴。

关键词: 阿满过渡带东部, 走滑断裂, 奥陶系, 平面分段样式, 剖面构造样式, 叠合控储

Abstract:

Strike-slip faults are well developed in the northern depression of the Tarim Basin, playing a crucial role in controlling the development of fault-controlled reservoirs in the Ordovician carbonate rocks in the eastern Aman Transition Zone. Based on 3D seismic data and Ordovician geological information, and from the perspective of reservoir characterization and development needs of the No.19 strike-slip fault-controlled oil reservoir, this study conducts a detailed analysis of the layered deformation characteristics, segmented deformation features, activity patterns, evolutionary stages, and fault evolution process of the No.19 strike-slip fault zone, with particular emphasis on its reservoir-controlling significance. The main findings are as follows: (1) The No.19 strike-slip fault zone can be divided into four structural layers from bottom to top: the subsalt Cambrian structural layer, Middle Cambrian evaporite structural layer, Middle-Lower Ordovician carbonate structural layer, and Silurian clastic structural layer. (2) Based on fault strike and combination characteristics of faults at the top of Ordovician carbonate rocks, the fault zone is classified into horsetail, en echelon, braided, overlapping, and linear segments. (3) The Middle-Lower Ordovician section of the No.19 strike-slip fault zone exhibits strong overall activity with significant deformation, and can be subdivided into seven transtensional segments, seven transpressional segments, and three translational segments. The fault zone underwent multistage tectonic evolution, with the Early and Middle Caledonian being the key active periods. (4) Different planar segmentation patterns exert varying controls on reservoir development: braided and overlapping segments show relatively better reservoir development, while horsetail, en echelon, and linear segments exhibit poorer reservoir development. Profile structural styles significantly influence reservoir development, with transtensional segments favoring large-scale reservoir formation, transpressional segments promoting reservoir development, and translational segments yielding limited reservoir scale. The superposition of planar segmentation patterns and profile structural styles leads to notable differences in hydrocarbon accumulation scale across different superimposed segments of the same fault zone. (5) The layered deformation, planar segmentation patterns, activity characteristics, and profile structural styles collectively contribute to variations in reservoir development along different sections of the same fault zone. Research significance: This study provides an important structural foundation for investigating the vertical development patterns and connectivity of strike-slip fault-controlled reservoirs, and offers valuable insights for further research on the reservoir-controlling significance of strike-slip fault-controlled reservoirs.

Key words: eastern Aman Transition Zone, strike-slip fault, Ordovician, planar segmentation pattern, profile structural style, superimposed reservoir control

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