塔河油田走滑断裂与古岩溶耦合关系研究及其对奥陶系储层发育的影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.24

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 227-246.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.24

• 碳酸盐岩储层裂缝研究 • 上一篇下一篇

塔河油田走滑断裂与古岩溶耦合关系研究及其对奥陶系储层发育的影响

马海陇¹^,²(), 杨德彬¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 王震¹^,², 张娟¹^,²^,³, 巫波¹^,², 张世亮⁴, 袁飞宇⁴

1.中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830001
2.缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830001
3.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
4.中国石化西北油田分公司采油二厂, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830001

收稿日期:2023-11-15 修回日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
通信作者: * 杨德彬(1984—),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事油藏综合研究。E-mail: yangdb.xbsj@sinopec.com
作者简介:马海陇(1985—),男,副研究员,主要从事石油构造解析研究。E-mail: 297048455@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42372171);国家自然科学基金项目(42072173)

Coupling relationship between strike-slip fault and paleokarst in Tahe Oilfield and its influence on the development of Ordovician reservoirs

MA Hailong¹^,²(), YANG Debin¹^,²^,³^,^*(), WANG Zhen¹^,², ZHANG Juan¹^,²^,³, WU Bo¹^,², ZHANG Shiliang⁴, YUAN Feiyu⁴

1. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Branch, ürümqi 830001, China
2. Key Laboratory for Improving Oil Recovery of Fractured and Caved Reservoirs, ürümqi 830001, China
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4. Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Branch Oil Production Plant 2, ürümqi 830001, China

Received:2023-11-15 Revised:2024-05-06 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

走滑断裂与古岩溶作用耦合关系方面的研究报道较少。本文通过对TH12518走滑断裂在奥陶系一间房组地层内构造样式时空叠加改造特征和不同期岩溶作用的研究,明确不同期次走滑断裂内幕结构与古地貌、古水系间的耦合关系。在TH12518走滑断裂在多期构造活动改造下,一间房组地层构造样式多次差异叠加,形成5种分段类型:Ⅰ型,拉分+平移+拉分段;Ⅱ型,拉分+平移+平移段;Ⅲ型,平移+挤压+拉分段;Ⅳ型,平移+挤压+平移段;Ⅴ型,逆冲推覆改造段。即加里东中期Ⅰ~Ⅲ幕形成平移段和拉分段;加里东晚期形成平移+挤压段、拉分+平移段、逆冲推覆段3种样式;海西早期发生“弯曲效应”,形成平移+挤压+平移段、拉分+平移+平移段、平移+挤压+拉分段、拉分+平移+拉分叠加构造样式。不同期岩溶地貌差异大。加里东中期Ⅰ幕岩溶台地水系欠发育;加里东中期Ⅱ-Ⅲ幕,北部抬升形成岩溶准平原,南部岩溶斜坡区发育近南北向地表水系及暗河;加里东晚期,岩溶斜坡区发育多组水系,沿北东东向断裂新形成北东东向暗河和地表水系。海西早期,岩溶斜坡发育大型曲流河。一间房组地层在不同岩溶期,不同区域不同类型段的岩溶作用不同。加里东中期Ⅰ幕整体发育开发式裸露型岩溶,沿断裂带下渗溶蚀,北北东向断裂拉分段溶蚀较强。加里东中期Ⅱ-Ⅲ幕北部发育开发式裸露型岩溶,南部为半开放式承压型岩溶,拉分段溶蚀进一步增强,Ⅱ幕还发育“下降型”埋藏断控岩溶。加里东晚期发育开发裸露型岩溶、半开放承压岩溶和“下降型”埋藏断控岩溶,北部受岩溶基准面控制,向下在寒武系顶面-白云岩岩性界面岩溶作用受阻。南部不受基准面控制,向下至少溶蚀至寒武系阿瓦塔格组顶面,纵向上岩溶缝洞体分层明显。海西早期,发育半开放式承压型岩溶,除弯曲效应拉分段外,岩溶作用较弱。在空间上存在某一区域储层由某一期或多期关键岩溶期和关键岩溶方式控制决定,如覆盖区加里东中期Ⅱ幕“下降型”埋藏断控岩溶作用是奥陶系一间房组顶面缝洞型储层形成的关键因素。研究成果有助于为滚动开发实践提供地质依据。

关键词: 塔河油田, 分段类型, 古地貌, 岩溶期次, 岩溶作用

Abstract:

The coupling relationship between strike-slip faults and ancient karst processes has not been well studied. This paper examines strike-slip fault TH12518 in the Tahe Oilfield aiming to clarify the coupling relationship between the fault’s internal structure and ancient landform and water systems, by studying the characteristics of spatiotemporal structural superposition and transformation in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation as well as karst activities during different tectonic phases. TH12518 experienced multistructural superposition under multistage tectonic activities, yielding five structural styles: pull-apart + translational + pull-apart (I); split + translational + translational (II); translational + compressive + pull-apart (III); translational + compressive + translational (IV); reverse thrust + overthrust (V). Stuctural styles I, II mainly occur in the middle Calendonian period, while structural supperposition between various structrual styles (I-V) occurs in the late Caledonian and early Haixi periods, under “bending effect.” There are significant differences in karst landforms between different karst periods. The water systems are underdeveloped during episode I of the middle Caledonian; whilst during episodes II, III the northern part uplifts to form a quasi karst plain while the southern karst slope area develops near N-S trending surface water systems and underground rivers. In the late Caledonian, multiple sets of water systems are developed in the karst slope area, forming a new NE-E trending underground river and surface water system along the fault. And in the early Haixi, large meandering rivers are developed on karst slopes. The karst processes in the Yijianfang Formation differ between different karst periods, regions, and segmentation styles. Episode I of the middle Caledonian develops exposed karst, overall, with infiltration and dissolution along the fault and strong dissolution in the N-NE trending fault segments; episodes II, III develop exposed karst in the north and semi-open overpressure karst in the south; with the segmented dissolution further enhanced, a sinking, buried fault-controlled karst is also developed in episode II. In the late Caledonian, exposed karst, semi-open overpressure karst, and sinking, buried fault-controlled karst are developed. The north, controlled by the karst baseline, exhibits limited downward karst process at the Cambrian top-dolomite interface; the south, not controlled by the reference plane, shows extensive downward dissolution at least to the top of the Cambrian Avatag Formation. Vertically, the karst fissures and caves are clearly layered. Whilst in the early Haixi, semi-open overpressure karst is developed, with weak karstification except for the bending effect and segmentation. This study provides a geological basis for large-scale karst development in the region.

Key words: Tahe Oilfield, segmentation type, ancient landforms, karst period, karstification

中图分类号:

马海陇, 杨德彬, 王震, 张娟, 巫波, 张世亮, 袁飞宇. 塔河油田走滑断裂与古岩溶耦合关系研究及其对奥陶系储层发育的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 227-246.

MA Hailong, YANG Debin, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Juan, WU Bo, ZHANG Shiliang, YUAN Feiyu. Coupling relationship between strike-slip fault and paleokarst in Tahe Oilfield and its influence on the development of Ordovician reservoirs[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 227-246.

图/表 15

图1 塔里木盆地塔北隆起TH12518走滑断裂构造位置图

Fig.1 Structural location of TH12518 strike slip fault in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin

图2 塔里木盆地地层、地震反射面和区域构造运动简表图

Fig.2 Strategraphic chart of the Tarim Basin indicating seismic reflectors and regional tectonic phases

图3 塔河油田西北部奥陶系鹰山组云质灰岩段顶面( T 7 6_0~20 ms)相干属性(a)与断裂分布图(b)

Fig.3 Coherence attribute (a) and fault distribution map (b) of the top surface ( T 7 6_0-20 ms) of dolomitic limestone section, Ordovician Yingshan Formation in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

图4 塔河油田TH12518走滑断裂各关键界面断裂展布及断距图 a— T 9 0(震旦系顶面)_0~20 ms相干;b— T 7 8(蓬莱坝组顶面)_0~20 ms相干;c— T 7 8_0~20 ms相干;d—断距。

Fig.4 Fault distributions on key fault interfaces (a-c) and fault distance profiles (d) in TH12518

图5 塔河油田过TH12518走滑断裂典型时间偏移地震剖面图

Fig.5 Typical time-migrated seismic reflection profile across TH12518

图6 塔河油田TH12518走滑断裂构造演化示意图 a—加里东中期Ⅰ幕;b—加里东中期Ⅱ-Ⅲ幕;c—加里东晚期;d—海西早期。

Fig.6 Tectonic evolution of TH12518 during different tectonic phases

图7 塔河油田西北部不同时期古地貌和岩溶类型图 a—加里东中期Ⅰ幕;b—加里东中期Ⅱ幕;c—加里东中期Ⅲ幕;d—加里东晚期;e—海西早期;f—岩溶类型。

Fig.7 Paleogeomorphological maps in different tectonic phases in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

图8 TH12518走滑断裂成因分段样式图

Fig.8 Structural styles in TH12518

图9 塔河油田沿TH12518断裂带岩溶洞穴发育模式(据文献[13]修改)

Fig.9 Karst caves development pattern along TH12518. Modified after [13].

图10 塔河油田西北部奥陶系一间房组顶面地表河与加里东中期Ⅰ幕断裂叠合图 a— T 7 4顶面残丘属性;b— T 7 4_0~20 ms相干属性;c—奥陶系一间房组顶面断裂+河道。

Fig.10 Karst landform features (a), coherence attribute application on seismic data (b), and spatial overlap between surface river and fault patterns (c) in episode I of the middle Caledonian on the top surface of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

图11 塔河油田西北部奥陶系良里塔格组顶面(地震反射波组 T 7 2)地表河与加里东中期Ⅱ幕断裂叠合图 a— T 7 2顶面残丘属性;b— T 7 2_0~10 ms相干属性;c—良里塔格组地表河+加里东中期Ⅱ幕断裂。

Fig.11 Ordovician Lianglitage Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 7 2) in the study area in episode II of the middle Caledonian

图12 过TH12518走滑断裂断裂面地震剖面(a)与岩溶强度(b)图

Fig.12 Seismic (a) and karst strength (b) profiles across TH12518 fault surface

图13 塔河油田西北部奥陶系桑塔木组顶面(地震反射波组 T 7 0)古水系图 a— T 7 0顶面(奥陶系桑塔木组顶面)残丘属性;b— T 7 0_0~10 ms相干属性;c—桑塔木组地表河。

Fig.13 Ordovician Santam Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 7 0) in the study area in episode III of the middle Caledonian

图14 塔河油田西北部志留系顶面(地震反射波组 T 6 0)古水系图 a— T 6 0顶面残丘属性;b— T 6 0_-5~5 ms相干属性;c—志留系地表河。

Fig.14 Silurian top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 6 0) in the study area in the late Caledonian

图15 塔河油田西北部泥盆系东河塘组顶面(地震反射波组 T 5 7)古水系图 a— T 5 7顶面残丘属性;b— T 5 7_0~20 ms相干属性;c—志留系地表河。

Fig.15 Donghetang Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 5 7) in the study area in the early Hercynian

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塔河油田走滑断裂与古岩溶耦合关系研究及其对奥陶系储层发育的影响

Coupling relationship between strike-slip fault and paleokarst in Tahe Oilfield and its influence on the development of Ordovician reservoirs

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