流域生物地球化学循环与表层地球系统层圈相互作用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.5

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 62-77.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.5

• 全球变化、圈层相互作用研究与地球系统科学 • 上一篇下一篇

流域生物地球化学循环与表层地球系统层圈相互作用

李思亮¹(), 王欣楚¹, 戚羽霖¹, 钟君¹, 丁虎¹, 文航¹, 刘学炎¹^,², 郎赟超¹, 易沅壁³, 王宝利¹, 刘丛强¹^,^*()

1.天津大学地球系统科学学院流域生物地球化学循环研究中心, 天津 300072
2.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550081
3.香港科技大学海洋科学系, 香港 999077

收稿日期:2025-02-05 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-20
通信作者: ^*刘丛强(1955—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地表地球化学和表层地球系统科学方面的研究。E-mail:liucongqiang@tju.edu.cn
作者简介:李思亮(1978—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事流域生物地球化学循环和地球关键带研究。E-mail:Siliang.li@tju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42221001);国家自然科学基金项目(42293262)

Watershed biogeochemical cycles and multi-sphere interactions in Earth’s surface system

LI Siliang¹(), WANG Xinchu¹, QI Yulin¹, ZHONG Jun¹, DING Hu¹, WEN Hang¹, LIU Xueyan¹^,², LANG Yunchao¹, YI Yuanbi³, WANG Baoli¹, Liu Cong-Qiang¹^,^*()

1. Research Center for Watershed Biogeochemical Cycle, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
3. Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macao, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China

Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-02-24 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流域是表层地球系统中相对独立的单元或子系统,通过对流域系统性和综合性的研究能更深刻地理解表层地球系统层圈相互作用。流域物质循环是全球生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分,反映了表层地球系统各层圈之间的能量和物质循环状态,同时也反作用于各层圈的运行和维持。本研究综述了流域生物地球化学循环与地球层圈相互作用之间的关联机制,重点探讨了人类世以来强烈人为活动和全球气候变化对流域物质循环和生态环境的影响。首先分析了流域生物地球化学循环特征及其与全球变化的相互关联,其次剖析了流域生物地球化学循环与全球环境变化之间的互馈作用,以及人类世人为活动对流域生物地球化学循环的强烈扰动,然后解析了流域过程与全球生态系统之间的相互联系和作用机制。综合分析表明人类世以来强烈的人为活动极大地扰动/加速了地表部分物质循环,导致流域系统多个关键变量参数超过生态环境突变临界点,也极大地影响多层圈物质循环和地球系统的稳定维持。最后根据当前流域科学发展态势与挑战,提出了流域生物地球化学循环的研究前沿,通过研究范式变革、人工智能和多同位素等多学科新方法技术融合,指明了微生物等多因素驱动新机制以及构建流域动态系统模型等新方向,最终为深刻理解表层地球系统层圈作用的运行机制和人类可持续发展提供科学基础。

关键词: 表层地球系统, 流域, 生物地球化学, 层圈相互作用, 全球变化

Abstract:

Watersheds (catchments) represent relatively self-contained units or subsystems within the Earth’s surface system. Systematic and integrated studies of watersheds provide valuable insights into the interactions across multiple spheres. The biogeochemical cycles within watersheds constitute a critical component of global biogeochemical cycles, reflecting the energy and material exchange dynamics among these interconnected subsystems. Moreover, these cycles exert reciprocal influences on the functioning and stability of each sphere. This review explores the mechanisms linking biogeochemical cycles in watersheds with multi-sphere interactions, focusing on the impacts of intensive anthropogenic activities and global climate change in the Anthropocene. Firstly, the characteristics of watershed biogeochemical cycles and their interconnections with global change are systematically analyzed. Secondly, the feedback mechanisms between watershed biogeochemical cycles and global environmental change emphasize profound anthropogenic disturbances. Thirdly, the intricate linkages between watershed processes and global ecosystems are elucidated through their underlying interaction mechanisms. Comprehensive analysis reveals that intense anthropogenic activities have substantially disrupted or accelerated certain material cycles, pushing critical environmental parameters beyond ecological thresholds. These disruptions have far-reaching consequences for the stability of multi-sphere material cycles and the overall stability of the Earth system. Finally, in light of the current trends and challenges in watershed science, this study identifies research frontiers in watershed biogeochemical cycles. These include transformative research paradigms, the integration of interdisciplinary approaches such as artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-isotope techniques, exploration of microbial and other multi-factorial driving mechanisms, and advancements in dynamic system modeling. The efforts aim to provide a scientific foundation for a deeper understanding of the operational mechanisms of surface Earth system interactions and for promoting sustainable human development.

Key words: surface Earth system, watershed (catchment), biogeochemistry, sphere interaction, global change

中图分类号:

李思亮, 王欣楚, 戚羽霖, 钟君, 丁虎, 文航, 刘学炎, 郎赟超, 易沅壁, 王宝利, 刘丛强. 流域生物地球化学循环与表层地球系统层圈相互作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(3): 62-77.

LI Siliang, WANG Xinchu, QI Yulin, ZHONG Jun, DING Hu, WEN Hang, LIU Xueyan, LANG Yunchao, YI Yuanbi, WANG Baoli, Liu Cong-Qiang. Watershed biogeochemical cycles and multi-sphere interactions in Earth’s surface system[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 62-77.

图/表 5

图1 表层地球系统层圈相互作用及不同尺度流域生物地球化学循环关联示意图

Fig.1 The schematic diagram of surface Earth system sphere interactions and the biogeochemical cycling connections across watersheds at different scales

图2 层圈作用影响下的流域生物地球化学概念示意图(关键带示意图修改自文献[15,17])

Fig.2 The schematic diagram of watershed biogeochemical cycling under the influence of sphere interactions (the critical zone diagram modified after literature [15,17])

图3 青藏高原流域金沙江(JSR)和雅砻江(YLR)季节性流动路径变化和气候变暖对浓度-流量(C-Q)关系的影响示意图(据文献[30]修改)

Fig.3 The conceptual diagram illustrating the seasonal flow path changes of the Jinsha River (JSR) and Yalong River (YLR) on the Tibetan Plateau watersheds, and the impact of climate warming on the concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationship. Modified after [30].

图4 人为活动对流域生物地球化学循环影响示意图红色环状代表人为扰动下的元素循环,绿色环状代表“自然(未受干扰)”的元素循环,环宽幅度代表影响程度及通量水平差异强度,不同流域受人为活动影响程度有较大不确定性。

Fig.4 Schematic representation of anthropogenic impacts on biogeochemical cycling in watersheds

图5 流域综合监测与决策系统示意图下方流域示意图基于大语言模型(DeepSeek-DALL·E 3,2025)生成,关键提示词包括流域生物地球化学循环、关键带、人类世等。

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the Integrated Watershed Monitoring and Decision-making System

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流域生物地球化学循环与表层地球系统层圈相互作用

Watershed biogeochemical cycles and multi-sphere interactions in Earth’s surface system

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