长江流域水体稳定同位素分馏特征及碳水循环

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.8

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 409-420.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.8

• “综合生态系统碳循环与碳中和”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

长江流域水体稳定同位素分馏特征及碳水循环

原雅琼¹^,²^,³(), 孙平安¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 于奭¹^,²^,³, 何师意¹^,²^,³

1.中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2.联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
3.广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406

收稿日期:2023-06-01 修回日期:2023-07-25 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
通信作者: * 孙平安(1986—),男,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事岩溶环境学及岩溶水文地球化学研究工作。E-mail: safesun@163.com
作者简介:原雅琼(1990—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事自然地理学及岩溶环境学研究工作。E-mail: yuanyaqiong@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035572);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0204700);国家自然科学基金项目(42377069);国家自然科学基金项目(42177075);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(2022001);中国地质调查项目(DD20230547);中国地质调查项目(DD20221820)

Fractionation of stable isotopes and the carbon-water cycle in Yangtze River

YUAN Yaqiong¹^,²^,³(), SUN Ping’an¹^,²^,³^,^*(), YU Shi¹^,²^,³, HE Shiyi¹^,²^,³

1. MNR & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
2. International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO/National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin 541004, China
3. Pingguo, Guangxi Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, China

Received:2023-06-01 Revised:2023-07-25 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩溶碳循环具有快速的动力学反应过程,对环境变化敏感,水循环可影响岩溶碳循环的两个驱动因子(水和CO₂),是岩溶碳循环的重要影响因素。通过2016年6月和10月长江干流、主要支流、水库、湖泊的采样测试,分析了δD、δ¹⁸O、无机碳含量和同位素分馏特征及控制因素,揭示了长江流域水循环对岩溶碳循环的影响特征。结果表明:长江流域水体δD和δ¹⁸O的空间变化表现出大陆效应、纬度效应和海拔效应,并随降雨的季节性变化而变化;无机碳主要源自碳酸盐岩风化,δ¹³C_DIC值主要受碳酸风化碳酸盐岩和硫酸/硝酸风化碳酸盐岩对$\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$的贡献比例控制。长江流域水文过程可显著影响岩溶碳循环,上游冻土区土壤冻结时,幔源和大气源CO₂参与碳酸盐岩风化使δ¹³C_DIC值显著增加;夏秋季季风期降雨爆发,降水导致δD和δ¹⁸O急剧下降,同时利于土壤CO₂累积和碳同位素值下降,并使得水体δD、δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C_DIC值均下降;水文过程可影响“生物碳泵”作用,平水期“生物碳泵”作用更强,水库的分层效应也更显著。

关键词: δD和δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C_DIC, 碳水循环, 水库, 长江流域

Abstract:

The karst carbon cycle exhibits rapid dynamic responses and is sensitive to environmental changes. The water cycle can influence the two driving factors of the karst carbon cycle (water and CO₂), making it an important influencing factor. This study analyzes samples collected in June and October 2016 from the main stream, major tributaries, reservoirs, and lakes of the Yangtze River. The study examines δD, δ¹⁸O, inorganic carbon content, and isotope fractionation characteristics and controlling factors, revealing the impact of the water cycle on the karst carbon cycle in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that the spatial variation in δD and δ¹⁸O compositions in the Yangtze River Basin’s water bodies reflects continental, latitudinal, and altitudinal effects, and varies with the seasonal changes in rainfall. Inorganic carbon mainly originates from the weathering of carbonate rocks, and δ¹³C_DIC values are primarily controlled by the relative contributions of carbonic acid weathering and sulfuric/nitric acid weathering of carbonate rocks to $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$. Hydrological processes in the Yangtze River Basin significantly impact the karst carbon cycle. In the upstream permafrost region, soil freezing results in mantle-derived and atmospheric CO₂ participating in the weathering of carbonate rocks, significantly increasing δ¹³C_DIC values. During the summer and autumn monsoon rains, the rapid decline in precipitation δD and δ¹⁸O, coupled with soil CO₂ accumulation and the decrease in carbon isotope values, leads to a decrease in δD, δ¹⁸O, and δ¹³C_DIC values in the water. Hydrological processes also affect the “biological carbon pump” effect, which is stronger during normal flow periods, and the stratification effect in reservoirs becomes more pronounced.

Key words: δD and δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C_DIC, carbon-water cycle, reservoir, Yangtze River

中图分类号:

原雅琼, 孙平安, 于奭, 何师意. 长江流域水体稳定同位素分馏特征及碳水循环[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 409-420.

YUAN Yaqiong, SUN Ping’an, YU Shi, HE Shiyi. Fractionation of stable isotopes and the carbon-water cycle in Yangtze River[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 409-420.

图/表 6

图1 长江流域采样点示意

Fig.1 Schematic map of the sampling locations in the Yangtze River

表1 长江流域采样点δD、δ18O、 HCO 3 -，浓度和δ13CDIC值

Table 1 The δD, δ18O, HCO 3 - concentration and δ13CDIC values of sampling sites in the Yangtze River

图2 长江流域河水δ18O-δD分布图(a)和洞庭湖(b)、二滩水库(c)、隔河岩水库(d)水化学特征

Fig.2 Distribution of δ18O-δD values in the Yangtze River (a) and hydrochemical characteristics of Dongting Lake (b), Ertan Reservoir (c), Geheyan Reservoir (d)

图3 长江流域河水δD(a)和δ18O(b)与高程的关系

Fig.3 Relationshhips between δD and altitude (a), δ18O and altitude (b) in Yangtze River

图4 长江流域河水δD(a)、δ18O(b)、 HCO 3 -浓度(c)和δ13 C D I C(d)流程变化

Fig.4 Variations of δD (a), δ18O (b), HCO 3 - concentration (c) and δ13CDIC (d) along the flow in the Yangtze River

图5 长江流域丰水期(a)和平水期(b)河水[Ca2++Mg2+]/[ HCO 3 -]与δ13 C D I C相关关系图

Fig.5 Relationship between [Ca2++Mg2+]/[ HCO 3 -] and δ13CDIC during wet season (a) and normal season (b) in the Yangtze River

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长江流域水体稳定同位素分馏特征及碳水循环

Fractionation of stable isotopes and the carbon-water cycle in Yangtze River

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