湿地关键带碳循环与碳源碳汇转化机制及碳交换量化模式

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.36

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地关键带“碳源”和“碳汇”的转化机制及其量化关系是研究湿地碳循环需要重点探讨和解决的科学问题。碳(C)是构成生命体的主要元素之一,在生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。湿地关键带作为地球关键带最活跃的组成部分,蕴含着大量的信息交换,需要通过信息提取、解译来研究碳循环及其迁移转化信息互馈机制。C在湿地生态系统中具有“源”和“汇”的功能,涉及大气、土壤、植被、水和微生物作用,湿地关键带碳循环对促进湿地生态环境保护至关重要。本文以湿地关键带C的生物地球化学循环特征为基础,分析了湿地关键带中C的赋存形态及C在植被—大气、根系—土壤和土壤—大气界面的迁移转化过程,阐释了影响湿地关键带碳循环及迁移转化的主控因子和耦合作用机制,进一步探讨了“减碳源”和“增碳汇”双向驱动下对实现“双碳”目标的积极作用。由此提出了未来的研究方向,应重点加强湿地关键带C的时空演化和生物地球化学循环影响机理分析,构建碳循环量化模式,精准测定“碳源”和“碳汇”转化过程中的通量变化,量化湿地关键带 “碳汇”盈余,评价湿地关键带对碳达峰和碳中和的贡献度。

关键词: 湿地关键带, 碳循环, 碳中和, 演进机制, 量化模式

Abstract:

The transformation mechanism and quantitative relationship between carbon source and sink conversion in critical zone of wetland are key scientific issues that need to be explored and addressed in the study of wetland carbon cycle. Carbon (C) is one of the main elements that constitute living organisms and plays an extremely important role in the material cycle and energy flow processes of ecosystems. As the most active part of the Earth’s critical zone, the critical zone of wetland contains a large amount of information interchange. It is necessary to study the mutual feedback mechanism of carbon cycle and its migration and transformation information through information extraction and interpretation. Carbon has the function of a “source” and “sink” in wetland ecosystems, which involves the effects of atmosphere, soil, vegetation, water and microorganisms. Carbon cycle in critical zone of wetland plays a crucial role in promoting wetland ecological environment protection. Based on the biogeochemical cycle characteristics of C in critical zone of wetland, this paper analyzed the occurrence patterns and the migration and transformation processes of C at vegetation, atmosphere, root, soil interfaces. The main control factors of migration and transformation and coupling mechanisms affecting carbon cycle were also explained in critical zone of wetland. Further exploration was conducted on the positive role of dual driving forces of “carbon reduction source” and “carbon increase sink” in achieving the goal of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”. Finally, the future research directions were proposed, which should focus on strengthening the comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of C and the impact mechanism of biogeochemistry cycle in critical zone of wetland, constructing a quantitative carbon cycle model, accurately measuring the flux changes during the transformation process of “carbon source” and “carbon sink” to quantify the surplus of “carbon sink” in critical zone of wetland and evaluating its contribution to “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”.

Key words: critical zone of wetland, carbon cycle, carbon neutrality, evolution mechanism, quantitative mode

中图分类号:

X142
Q148

周念清, 郭梦申, 蔡奕, 陆帅帅, 刘晓群, 赵文刚. 湿地关键带碳循环与碳源碳汇转化机制及碳交换量化模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 436-449.

ZHOU Nianqing, GUO Mengshen, CAI Yi, LU Shuaishuai, LIU Xiaoqun, ZHAO Wengang. Mechanism of carbon cycle and source-sink conversion and quantitative carbon exchange model in critical zone of wetland[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 436-449.

图/表 7

图1 地球关键带结构(a)及过程响应(b)示意图(a引自文献[23])

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the structure and process response of Critical Zone of the Earth. Fig.a adapted from [23].

图2 湿地关键带中碳在不同条件下的赋存状态

Fig.2 Presence of carbon under different conditions in critical zone of wetland

图3 湿地关键带不同界面碳循环示意图(据文献[54]补充修改)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of carbon cycle at different interfaces in critical zone of wetland. Modified after [54].

图4 碳排放、碳达峰和碳中和示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of carbon emission, carbon peak and carbon neutrality

图5 “双碳”目标下的技术路线图

Fig.5 Technical roadmap under the goal of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”

图6 自然界(a)与湿地关键带(b)碳循环过程图

Fig.6 Carbon cycle process diagram in nature and critical zone of wetland

图7 湿地关键带碳盈亏量化过程

Fig.7 Carbon cycle quantitative process of profit and loss in critical zone of wetland

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