地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 429-439.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.70

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳中和背景下二氧化碳封存研究进展与展望

邓一荣1(), 汪永红1,*(), 赵岩杰1, 谷培科1, 肖瑾2, 周健1, 李朝晖1, 于志强3, 彭平安3,*()   

  1. 1.广东省环境科学研究院, 广东省污染场地环境管理与修复重点实验室和粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室, 广东 广州 510045
    2.暨南大学 环境学院, 粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室, 广东 广州 510632
    3.中国科学院 广州地球化学研究所, 有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广东 广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-25 修回日期:2022-11-12 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
  • 通讯作者: *彭平安(1960-),男,中国科学院院士,主要研究方向为环境地球化学研究。E-mail: pinganp@gig.ac.cn;汪永红(1966-),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境科学与资源利用。E-mail: 13602855236@139.com
  • 作者简介:邓一荣(1985-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事土壤环境方面的研究工作。E-mail: ecoyrdeng@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-GD-07);国家自然科学基金项目(U1911202);广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(2019B121205004)

Carbon dioxide storage in China: Current status, main challenges, and future outlooks

DENG Yirong1(), WANG Yonghong1,*(), ZHAO Yanjie1, GU Peike1, XIAO Jin2, ZHOU Jian1, LI Zhaohui1, YU Zhiqiang3, PENG Ping’an3,*()   

  1. 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
    2. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • Received:2022-06-25 Revised:2022-11-12 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

摘要:

化石能源和不合理的土地利用,导致地球大气中CO2等温室气体持续增加,引发全球变暖等一系列环境问题。利用碳封存手段来控制碳排放是一种行之有效的方法,可使我国在实现碳中和目标的同时,又能发展相应碳封存产业,具有重大意义。本文较为系统地阐明了CO2-EOR、CO2-ECBM等典型陆地碳封存和天然气水合物封存、海洋沉积物封存等典型海洋碳封存的技术原理、特点等;明确了国内碳排放概况与封存潜力;介绍了我国规模在几万吨/年到百万吨/年之间典型碳封存示范项目特点以及与国外的差距;列明了现阶段碳封存的主要挑战。针对我国碳封存领域发展现状,结合碳达峰、碳中和工作要求,在政策法规方面建议完善碳封存政策支持与标准规范体系,探索建立相应碳封存法律法规;进一步探查碳封存场所和潜力,调查适宜碳封存场所,探明典型区域碳封存潜力;在碳封存技术领域加大科研支持力度,借鉴国外碳封存先进技术与经验。加大CCS(碳捕获与封存)、CCUS(碳捕获、利用与封存)各环节的工程投资力度与建设规模,打造经典碳封存示范项目以及产业集群。鉴于广东省在碳达峰之前具有万亿级碳封存产业规模的潜力,推动其最具碳封存潜力的沿海区域率先实现碳封存大规模工业化应用,探索碳封存产业集群模式示范平台试点,培育万亿级碳封存产业,助力实现碳中和目标。

关键词: 碳排放, 碳中和, 碳封存, 碳封存产业, 碳封存集群

Abstract:

Excessive fossil fuel consumption and land misuse lead to continuous increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, causing a series of environmental problems such as global warming. To effectively control carbon emissions underground carbon storage is developed and it plays an important role in China’s efforts to achieve carbon neutrality while ensuring its energy supplies. Here, we systematically summarize the technical principles and characteristics of typical terrestrial (such as CO2-EOR and CO2-ECBM) and marine carbon sequestration techniques (such as natural gas hydrate sequestration and marine sediment sequestration), and present an overview of China’s carbon emission profile and storage potential, characteristics of domestic carbon-storage pilot projects at different capacities (10000 s to million tons), gaps between China and foreign countries, and main challenges in carbon sequestration. In view of China’s carbon-storage status and goal of carbon peaking/carbon neutrality, we suggest to improve policy support, storage evaluation standards, and relevant laws and regulations, explore suitable storage sites and high-potential areas, strengthen scientific research and access to advanced technology, increase CCS/CCUS infrastructure investments and construction scales, and develop model pilot projects and industrial clusters. As Guangdong Province possesses industrial (trillion ton) carbon-storage potential ahead of carbon peaking, its coastal areas with the greatest carbon storage potential should take the lead in the industrial application of underground carbon-storage technology as well as in the developments of industrial carbon-storage clusters and trillion-ton carbon-storage industry towards achieving China’s carbon neutral target.

Key words: carbon emission, carbon neutralization, carbon storage, carbon storage industry, carbon cluster storge

中图分类号: