岩石有机碳风化及其控制因素

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.3.7

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩石有机碳为岩石地层中的有机碳,是地球上重要的碳储库。岩石有机碳的氧化、风化过程向大气排放二氧化碳,是地质碳循环过程的关键环节,对维持地球长尺度碳平衡以及表层环境的长期宜居性有重要意义。近年来,岩石有机碳氧化、风化过程的研究取得了显著发展,相关研究已经从剖面拓展到流域尺度,定量方法也在日益精确。本文系统综述了近些年国内外针对岩石有机碳自身结构性质、风化速率定量方法、控制因素和风化通量统计等问题的研究现状,以期对全球范围内岩石有机碳风化在研究地质碳循环过程中的关键性和当前进展及发展趋势有更加系统性的认识,并对相应的关键性科学问题进行更加深入系统的研究。

关键词: 岩石有机碳, 地质碳循环, 大陆风化, 铼地球化学

Abstract:

Petrogenic-derived organic carbon is an important carbon storage on Earth. Oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere—a key process in the geological carbon cycle. This process is of great significance for maintaining long-scale carbon balance on Earth and long-term habitability of the Earth’s surface environment. In recent years, research advancement has been made on petrogenic organic carbon weathering. This paper systematically reviews the current research status at home and abroad, focusing on carbon structural properties, quantitative methods for weathering rate, weathering controlling factors, and weathering flux statistics, in order to improve systematic understanding of petrogenic organic carbon and promote in-depth research on related key scientific issues.

Key words: petrogenic organic carbon, geological carbon cycle, continental weathering, rhenium geochemistry

中图分类号:

王野, 陈旸, 陈骏. 岩石有机碳风化及其控制因素[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 402-409.

WANG Ye, CHEN Yang, CHEN Jun. Petrogenic organic carbon weathering and its controlling factors—a review[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 402-409.

图/表 5

图1 海洋及河流沉积物中岩石有机碳的透射电镜和拉曼光谱观察结果(据文献[11]修改) A—Narayani河床中杂乱、多孔岩石有机碳的002晶格条纹;B—Narayani河床沉积物中石墨碳的002晶格条纹;C—Narayani河悬浮态石墨颗粒的低倍放大图像;D—Meghna河下游河床石墨态岩石有机碳的002晶格条纹;E—孟加拉沉积扇末端的石墨态岩石有机碳的002晶格图像;F—孟加拉沉积扇末端的石墨颗粒的拉曼光谱图像;G—选择来自喜马拉雅河流(上)、下梅格纳(中)和孟加拉扇沉积物(下)的代表性拉曼光谱, 这些光谱是从单个OCpetro颗粒(光谱中没有矿物贡献)和矿物内的OCpetro包裹体/聚集体(如图所示的光谱中的矿物贡献)获得的。在图A、C、D和E中,橙色插图是位于主图像上橙色小框(5 nm)的放大图。

Fig.1 RM and TEM characterization of OCpetro in riverine and marine sediments. Modified after [11]. (A) Image of 002 lattice-fringes (002LF) of disordered and microporous OCpetro in Narayani bed load. (B) Image (002LF) of graphitic C in Narayani bed load. (C) Low-magnification (LM) image of a graphite particle in Narayani suspended load. (D) Image (002LF) of graphitic OCpetro in Lower Meghna bed load. (E) Image (002LF) of graphitic OCpetro in distal Bengal Fan sediment. (F) LM image of graphite particles in distal Bengal Fan sediment. In (A), (C), (D), and (E), the orange inset is a zoom (5-nm side) located on the main image. (G) Selection of representative Raman spectra from Himalayan rivers (up), Lower Meghna (medium), and Bengal Fan sediments (below). These spectra were obtained from both individual OCpetro particles (no mineral contribution in the spectrum) and OCpetro inclusions/aggregates within minerals (mineral contribution in the spectrum as depicted).

图2 河水悬浮沉积物%OC×Fm与其%OC对应关系(据文献[12]修改)

Fig.2 (Fm×%OC) of river sediments as a function of their total OC content. Modified after [12].

图3 Re- SO 4 2 -浓度散点图(据文献[11]修改)

Fig.3 Re- SO 4 2 - scatter plot. Modified after [11].

图4 流经沉积岩的山区河流溶解Re通量与对应悬浮物通量关系(据文献[16]修改)

Fig.4 Dissolved rhenium yield in mountain watersheds around the world draining sedimentary rocks as a function of suspended sediment yield. Modified after [16].

表1 全球部分典型河流岩石有机碳氧化速率统计

Table 1 The organic carbon oxidation rate of some typical river basins in the world

流域	流域面积/km²	岩石有机碳氧化通量/(Mt·a^-1)	岩石有机碳氧化速率/(t·km^-2·a^-1)
Yamuna^[13]	9 600	0.038 6	~4
Taiwan(overall)^[7]	35 980	0.27~0.47	7.4~13
Madeira^[6]		~0.25
Waiho^[11]	67	0.001 273~0.003 35	19~50
Whataroa^[11]	454	0.004 086~0.010 442	9~23
Mackenzie^[14]	1 780 000	0.605~1.121	0.34~0.63
Narayani^[42]	32 000	0.035~0.125	1.1~3.9

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