普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场水体双碳同位素特征(δ13C-Δ14C)与碳足迹

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.35

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 155-166.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.35

普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场水体双碳同位素特征(δ¹³C-Δ¹⁴C)与碳足迹

李栋¹^,²^,³(), 赵敏¹^,²^,^*(), 刘再华¹^,²^,^*(), 陈波⁴

1.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550081
2.中国科学院中国生态系统研究网络普定喀斯特生态系统研究站, 贵州普定 562100
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.贵州财经大学, 贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2021-12-05 修回日期:2022-01-12 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 赵敏,刘再华
作者简介:李栋(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩溶作用碳循环。E-mail: lidong@mail.gyig.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42130501);国家自然科学基金项目(42177248);国家自然科学基金项目(U1612441);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B 类)(XDB40000000);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般456)

Dual carbon isotope (δ13C-Δ14C) characteristics and carbon footprint in the spring-pond systems at the Puding Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site

LI Dong¹^,²^,³(), ZHAO Min¹^,²^,^*(), LIU Zaihua¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Bo⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
2. Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2021-12-05 Revised:2022-01-12 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: ZHAO Min,LIU Zaihua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河流输送到海洋的溶解无机碳(DIC)和有机碳(OC)受自然和人为双重因素的影响。了解DIC和OC的年龄、来源和转化,有助于掌握全球碳收支和提高现在以及未来自然和人类对河流碳循环影响的估算精度。本研究以普定岩溶水-碳循环试验场泉(地下水)-池(地表水)耦联系统为研究对象,利用双碳同位素(¹³C-¹⁴C)方法,结合水生植物生长和传统水文地球化学特征,揭示了地下水-地表水系统中DIC和颗粒有机碳(POC)的来源及其转化机制。研究发现:(1)泉-池系统中DIC和POC的Δ¹⁴C具有相同的变化趋势,泉水中Δ¹⁴C值低于池水中Δ¹⁴C值,反映后者可能有“较年轻”的CO₂的加入;(2)池水水化学和碳同位素变化由土地利用类型和池中水生植物共同控制;(3)池水中颗粒有机碳(POC)浓度明显高于泉水,且其Δ¹⁴C值表现出与沉水植物和DIC的一致性(表观年龄均为3 200900 a),说明池水POC主要源于池中水生植物光合作用利用了碳酸盐风化产生的老碳(DIC),使新形成的有机质在表观年龄上“偏老”;(4)池水水体内源有机碳对水体POC的贡献在75%以上,内源有机碳通量(以C计)在250 t·km^-2·a^-1至660 t·km^-2·a^-1之间,相对于其他土地利用类型,草地对应的地表水系统具有最大的内源有机碳占比和通量,指示了沉水植物控制型浅水水体初级生产对有机碳循环的重要作用。综上,我们认为在岩溶区通过土地利用调整来调控水生植物群落对于增加碳汇具有重要潜力。

关键词: 溶解无机碳, 颗粒有机碳, 内源有机碳, 双碳同位素, 碳足迹, 普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场

Abstract:

The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (OC) transported to the ocean by rivers are affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. Understanding the influence of these factors on the age, source, and transformation of DIC and OC can help constrain global carbon budget and improve the assessments of natural and human impacts on the riverine carbon cycle. The present study uses dual carbon isotopes (δ¹³C-Δ¹⁴C) of DIC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and aquatic plants with traditional hydrogeochemical characteristics in the spring (groundwater) and spring-fed pond (surface water) systems at the Puding Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site to identify the relavent carbon sources and carbon transformation processes. The results showed that (1) the Δ¹⁴C of DIC and POC in the spring-pond systems displayed the same trend, that is, the Δ¹⁴C value is lower in the spring water than in the pond water, indicating likely a younger CO₂ invasion of the pond system. (2) The changes in water chemistry and carbon isotope of pond water were controlled by different land use and aquatic plants. (3) The OC concentrations were significantly higher in pond water than in spring water, and the Δ¹⁴C values of POC were close to those of submerged plants and DIC (apparent ages of 3200-900 years). Such finding indicates that the POC in the pond water was mainly derived from aquatic photosynthesis, which involved old carbon (DIC)—produced by the weathering of carbonate rocks—as carbon source to generate new autochthonous OC (AOC) with negative Δ¹⁴C values and “old” apparent age. (4) The contribution percentage of AOC to POC in surface water was more than 75%. Meanwhile, the AOC flux in the spring-pond systems was between 250-656 t C km^-2 a^-1, and the surface water system of grassland contributed the most AOC and had the highest AOC flux relative to other land use. Such finding indicates the important role of primary production in the organic carbon cycle in shallow water controlled by submerged plants. Overall, the regulation of aquatic plant communities through land use adjustment in karst areas can have major impact on the increasing of carbon sink capacity in these areas.

Key words: dissolved inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, autochthonous organic carbon, dual carbon isotopes, carbon footprint, the Puding Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site

中图分类号:

李栋, 赵敏, 刘再华, 陈波. 普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场水体双碳同位素特征(δ¹³C-Δ¹⁴C)与碳足迹[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 155-166.

LI Dong, ZHAO Min, LIU Zaihua, CHEN Bo. Dual carbon isotope (δ13C-Δ14C) characteristics and carbon footprint in the spring-pond systems at the Puding Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 155-166.

图/表 8

图1 贵州普定沙湾水-碳循环大型模拟试验场(左图底图来自国家标准地图服务系统 http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn) S—泉水;P—池水。

Fig.1 Geographic location and layout of the Shawan Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site, Puding, Guizhou. Basemap from China online national standard map service.

表1 研究区泉-池系统水化学特征(2015年7月20日,16:00)

Table 1 Hydrochemical properties of spring and spring fed pond systems at the study sites (16:00,20th, Jul, 2015)

表2 5种土地利用类型对应的泉-池系统DIC和POC的碳同位素组成

Table 2 Carbon isotopic compositions of DIC and POC in spring and spring fed systems under five land uses

图2 不同土地利用下泉-池系统碳(Δ14C-δ13C)同位素特征对比 a—δ13CDIC对比;b—δ13CPOC对比; c—Δ14CDIC对比; d—Δ14CPOC对比。

Fig.2 Comparisons of Δ14C-δ13C characteristics between spring and spring-fed pond systems under different land uses. (a)δ13CDIC comparison; (b) δ13CPOC comparison; (c) Δ14CDIC comparison;(d) Δ14CPOC comparison

图3 不同土地利用类型下泉-池系统溶解无机碳(DIC)、沉水植物和颗粒碳(POC)的Δ14C特征

Fig.3 Relationships between Δ14Cplant, Δ14CPOC and Δ14CDIC in spring and sping-fed pond systems under different land uses

表3 4个试验池中植物同位素组成特征

Table 3 Isotopic composition of aquatic plants in four experimental ponds

监测池	水生植物	δ¹³C_植物/‰	Δ¹⁴ $C D I C 泉水$ /‰	Δ¹⁴ $C D I C 池水$ /‰	Δ¹⁴C_植物/‰	植物年龄/a BP
P2	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-16.47	-358±2	-297±4	-293±3	2 897
P2	水绵(Spirogyra)	-8.14	-358±2		-298±2	2 963
P3	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-10.58	-359±3	-316±6	-317±3	3 261
P3	金鱼藻(Hornwort)	-13.44	-359±3		-314±3	3 220
P4	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-16.36	-124±1	-59±3	-120±1	935
P4	水绵(Spirogyra)	-6.72	-124±1		-118±1	903
P5	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-22.93	-291±2	-266±2	-264±2	2 544
P5	金鱼藻(Hornwort)	-16.34	-291±2		-267±2	2 570

表3 4个试验池中植物同位素组成特征

Table 3 Isotopic composition of aquatic plants in four experimental ponds

监测池	水生植物	δ¹³C_植物/‰	Δ¹⁴ $C D I C 泉水$ /‰	Δ¹⁴ $C D I C 池水$ /‰	Δ¹⁴C_植物/‰	植物年龄/a BP
P2	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-16.47	-358±2	-297±4	-293±3	2 897
P2	水绵(Spirogyra)	-8.14	-358±2		-298±2	2 963
P3	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-10.58	-359±3	-316±6	-317±3	3 261
P3	金鱼藻(Hornwort)	-13.44	-359±3		-314±3	3 220
P4	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-16.36	-124±1	-59±3	-120±1	935
P4	水绵(Spirogyra)	-6.72	-124±1		-118±1	903
P5	轮藻(Hydrilla verticillata)	-22.93	-291±2	-266±2	-264±2	2 544
P5	金鱼藻(Hornwort)	-16.34	-291±2		-267±2	2 570

图4 不同土地利用类型下试验池水有机碳内、外源比例

Fig.4 The autochthonous and allochthonous contribution percentages of organic carbon in the five experimental ponds under different land uses

图5 不同土地利用类型下地表水中植被生成状况

Fig.5 The growth status of aquatic plants in the five experimental ponds under different land uses

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普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场水体双碳同位素特征(δ¹³C-Δ¹⁴C)与碳足迹

Dual carbon isotope (δ13C-Δ14C) characteristics and carbon footprint in the spring-pond systems at the Puding Karst Water-Carbon Cycle Test Site

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