地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 147-156.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.3.15

• 农田土壤环境质量基准 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤环境基准的科学问题与研究方法:以Cd为例

王萌(), 俞磊, 秦璐瑶, 孙晓艺, 王静, 刘佳晓, 陈世宝*()   

  1. 中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-18
  • 通讯作者: *陈世宝(1971—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事土壤污染防治与土壤环境基准研究。E-mail: chenshibao@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:王 萌(1987—),女,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事土壤重金属污染防治与环境基准研究。E-mail: wangmeng@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3708703);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-CSGLCA-202302)

Scientific issues and research methods of soil environmental standards: A case study on cadmium

WANG Meng(), YU Lei, QIN Luyao, SUN Xiaoyi, WANG Jing, LIU Jiaxiao, CHEN Shibao*()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-02-27 Revised:2024-03-11 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-18

摘要:

土壤环境基准是土壤环境质量标准制定的科学依据和基础。环境基准是土壤环境保护研究的前沿领域,涉及土壤环境化学、环境毒理学、生物学和风险评估等多学科交叉与基础性科学问题,了解和解决其所涉及的这些科学问题,是土壤环境基准研究的前提。本文针对土壤环境基准研究中影响重金属毒性阈值的非生物因子、生物因子、剂量-效应关系测定中等几个关键科学问题进行了阐述,包括土壤老化因子与淋洗因子的矫正,低剂量刺激效应拟合及毒性数据归一化方法等,最后以农田土壤Cd为例,推导出不同性质土壤中Cd环境基准(HC5)及其与土壤性质的连续性分布曲线方程(LogHC5=0.132pH+0.083OC+0.008CEC-1.448),以期为农田土壤环境指标基准的研究提供参考与借鉴。

关键词: 土壤环境质量, 土壤环境基准, 土壤污染, 重金属, 毒性阈值

Abstract:

Soil environmental benchmarks serve as the scientific cornerstone for establishing soil environmental quality standards. This cutting-edge field in soil environmental protection research encompasses interdisciplinary and foundational scientific issues such as soil environmental chemistry, environmental toxicology, biology, and risk assessment. Understanding and addressing these complex scientific challenges represent the forefront of soil environmental benchmark research. This article delves into several crucial scientific considerations that influence the toxicity thresholds of heavy metals in soil environmental benchmark research. These factors include non-biological elements, biological components, and the determination of dose-response relationships, encompassing the adjustment for soil aging and leaching factors, the modeling of low-dose stimulation effects, and methods for normalizing toxicity data. Furthermore, using Cd contamination in agricultural soil as a case study, this research establishes the Cd environmental benchmark (HC5) for soils with varying properties. Equations based on cumulative distribution curves relating HC5 values to soil properties are developed (e.g., LogHC5=0.132pH+0.083OC+0.008CEC-1.448). The findings of this study are anticipated to offer valuable insights for the exploration of agricultural soil environmental indicators.

Key words: Soil environmental quality, Soil environmental benchmarks, Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Toxicity threshold

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