基于Meta分析的矿区周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.9

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于2002—2022年期间,知网、万方、Web of Science数据库收录的矿区周边土壤重金属文献数据,采用Meta分析方法,探讨我国不同地区和矿种类别的矿山开采对土壤重金属分布特征的影响。同时,结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险。Meta分析结果显示,我国矿区周边土壤中镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pd)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)的浓度相较于土壤背景值,分别增加了820.7%、309.6%、158.6%、158.6%、146.0%、103.4%、24.6%和15%,其中,Cd和Hg增加量较多。从地区来看,中南和西南地区的矿区周边土壤重金属的效应值较大,其重金属浓度增加量分别为285.7%和180.1%,其中西南、中南和华东地区矿山周边土壤中Cd、Hg、Zn、Pb和Cu的含量增加较为显著,华北和东北地区的Cd和As、西北地区的Cd和Hg增加较为显著。从矿种类型看,铅锌矿、多金属矿、铜矿、金矿、汞矿、钼矿、锰矿、锡矿和包含石墨矿等其他矿种的周边土壤重金属浓度增加量为166.4%~617.1%,其中铅锌矿开采会使得Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn显著累积,金矿开采对As、Hg和Pb累积显著,铜矿、石墨、硫铁矿等其他矿种对Cd和Cu的含量累积显著,各类型矿对Ni和Cr的累积影响都很小。地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,我国矿区周边土壤Cd和Hg地累积污染指数分别达到中等和轻微污染等级,且大部分土壤位点二者都具有高等级的潜在生态风险,因此,需加强矿区周边重点重金属Cd和Hg的污染防治。

关键词: 矿区土壤, 重金属, Meta分析, 土壤污染, 风险评价

Abstract:

In this study, we perform a meta-analysis to investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils in mining areas, in different regions and of different mining types in China, using 2002-2022 relevant soil data from CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science databases. In addition, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils around mining areas. The Meta-analysis findings revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, and Cr in soils around mining areas in China increased by 820.7%, 309.6%, 158.6%, 158.6%, 146.0%, 103.4%, 24.6%, and 15%, respectively, compared to the corresponding background values, among which Cd and Hg showed the greatest increases. Region wise, the central south and southwest of China were greatly impacted by mining and showed increases of 285.7% and 180.1%, respectively. Nationwide, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cu increased the most in the southwest, central south, and east; Cd and As in the north and northeast; and Cd and Hg in the northwest. In terms of mined mineral/material types, heavy metal contamination increased greatly around metal mines such as lead-zinc, polymetallic nudule, copper, gold, mercury, molybdenum, manganese, and tin mines, and non-metal mines such as graphite mines, with increases of 166.4% to 617.1%. Lead-zinc mining led to significant accumulation of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn, and gold mining resulted in significant accumulation of As, Hg, and Pb. Copper mining and others such as graphite and pyrite mining all showed significant accumulation of Cd and Cu, except Ni and Cr which showed relatively small accumulation regardless mined mineral/material types. Evaluation results using geo-accumulative index and potential ecological risk index showed that the overall levels of Cd and Hg contamination in soils around mining areas were moderate and slight geo-accumulation, respectively, and a high potential ecological risk level was observed in most soil sites. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to Cd and Hg pollution control and prevention in mining areas.

Key words: soil around mining area, heavy metal, Meta-analysis, soil pollution, risk assessment

中图分类号:

X53
X825

董鑫, 胡浩然, 张晓晴, 任大军, 张淑琴. 基于Meta分析的矿区周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 93-102.

DONG Xin, HU Haoran, ZHANG Xiaoqing, REN Dajun, ZHANG Shuqin. A Meta-analysis of the distribution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in mining areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 93-102.

图/表 10

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I_geo	分级	污染等级
I_geo<0	I	无污染
0≤I_geo<1	II	轻微污染
2≤I_geo<3	III	轻度污染
2≤I_geo<3	VI	中度污染
3≤I_geo<4	V	偏重污染
4≤I_geo<5	VI	重度污染
I_geo≥5	VII	严重污染

I_geo	分级	污染等级
I_geo<0	I	无污染
0≤I_geo<1	II	轻微污染
2≤I_geo<3	III	轻度污染
2≤I_geo<3	VI	中度污染
3≤I_geo<4	V	偏重污染
4≤I_geo<5	VI	重度污染
I_geo≥5	VII	严重污染

潜在生态风险指数ER	等级	风险等级
ER<40	Ⅰ	低风险
40≤ER<80	Ⅱ	中等风险
80≤ER<160	Ⅲ	高风险
160≤ER<320	Ⅳ	非常高风险
ER≥320	Ⅴ	极高风险

潜在生态风险指数ER	等级	风险等级
ER<40	Ⅰ	低风险
40≤ER<80	Ⅱ	中等风险
80≤ER<160	Ⅲ	高风险
160≤ER<320	Ⅳ	非常高风险
ER≥320	Ⅴ	极高风险

重金属	组数(N)	ES₊	ES₊的95%CI	PI
总体	976	0.97	[0.89,1.05]	163.8%
Cd	148	2.22	[1.91,2.53]	820.7%
Hg	66	1.41	[0.99,1.83]	309.6%
Pb	158	0.95	[0.73,1.16]	158.6%
Cu	149	0.95	[0.80,1.10]	158.6%
Zn	148	0.90	[0.73,1.10]	146.0%
As	97	0.71	[0.45,0.96]	103.4%
Ni	86	0.22	[0.02,1.41]	24.6%
Cr	124	0.14	[0.02,0.25]	15.0%