冀北花岗岩地区坡积-冲洪积型污染耕地土壤治理比较研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤是农业生态系统重要的组成部分,耕地土壤重金属污染会影响农产品质量安全。本研究选取冀北花岗岩地区坡积物母质区和冲洪积物母质区的弱酸性农田土壤为研究对象,依托钝化修复和植物提取(玉米和龙葵为植物修复材料)两种修复技术,探究了不同成土母质类型和修复技术对耕地土壤重金属的修复效果影响。研究结果表明:(1)坡积物和冲洪积物母质区土壤的有机质、速效钾、有效磷和pH值存在显著差异,坡积物母质区土壤pH显著低于冲洪积物母质区土壤,两区成土母质均具有较高的Pb背景值;(2)钝化修复后,冲洪积物母质区玉米籽粒Cd和Pb含量显著降低,玉米籽粒增产19.10%~33.00%,较坡积物母质区显示出更好的修复效果;(3)坡积物母质区采用龙葵和玉米间作模式,植物修复每年每公顷中提取Cd、Pb和Cu分别为167.25、208.35和555.05 g,Cd、Pb和Cu的去除率分别为2.727%、0.043%和0.234%,较冲洪积物母质区显示出更好的修复效果;(4)龙葵和玉米的间作模式优于单一种植模式,间作可以提高土壤中重金属的生物可利用性和植物吸收效率;(5)制定土壤污染修复策略时,需考虑土壤特性、成土母质及不同农作物的影响,选用合适的修复技术和种植模式。本研究可为地质异常区域农田土壤安全利用与修复提供参考依据。

关键词: 坡积, 冲洪积, 重金属, 土壤污染, 钝化修复, 植物修复

Abstract:

Soil constitutes a crucial component of agricultural ecosystem, and heavy metal contamination in arable soil can adversely affect the quality and safety of agricultural products. This study focuses on weakly acidic farmland soils of colluvial and alluvial accumulation zones in the granite region of northern Hebei. Utilizing two remediation techniques—phytostabilization and phytoextraction (with maize and Solanum nigrum as the phytoremediation agents), this study explores the impacts of different parent material types and remediation methods on heavy metal remediation efficacy in cultivated soils. According to results, (1) significant differences existed in organic matter, readily available potassium, available phosphorus, and pH values between soils of colluvial and alluvial zones, with the former exhibiting substantially lower pH levels and both zones having high background levels of lead (Pb). (2) Following phytostabilization, the colluvial zone showed significant reduction in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in maize grains, with an increase in yield ranging from 19.10% to 33.00%, indicating superior remediation outcomes compared to its counterpart. (3) The colluvial zone, employing an intercropping system of Solanum nigrum and maize, demonstrated higher annual extraction of Cd, Pb, and copper (Cu) per mu (a traditional unit of area) of farmland, with respective extraction amounts of 167.25, 208.35, and 555.05 g, and removal rates of 2.727%, 0.043%, and 0.234%, showcasing more effective remediation compared to the alluvial zone. (4) The intercropping system of Solanum nigrum and maize outperformed single-crop cultivation by enhancing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil and improving the plants’ absorption efficiency. (5) When designing remediation strategies one should consider soil characteristics, parent material types, and the influence of different crops and choose appropriate remediation techniques and cultivation models. This study provides a reference for the safe utilization and remediation of farmland soils in geologically anomalous regions.

Key words: slope deposits, alluvial deposits, heavy metals, soil contamination, passivation remediation, phytoremediation

中图分类号:

X53
X592

刘永兵, 宿俊杰, 郭威, 王英男, 殷亚秋. 冀北花岗岩地区坡积-冲洪积型污染耕地土壤治理比较研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 196-203.

LIU Yongbing, SU Junjie, GUO Wei, WANG Yingnan, YIN Yaqiu. Comparative study on soil remediation of slope-alluvial contaminated arable land in granite areas, northern Hebei Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 196-203.

图/表 11

图1 修复试验区地理位置关系示意图

Fig.1 Geographical setting of the remediation test zones

图2 不同成土母质类型区土壤pH及重金属含量采用单因素方差分析,不同小写字母(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)表示处理之间差异显著(p<0.05),图3至图9同。

Fig.2 Soil pH and heavy metal contents in soils of different parent material types

图3 不同成土母质类型区土壤养分含量

Fig.3 Soil nutrient contents

图4 不同成土母质类型区土壤钝化修复玉米籽粒重金属含量

Fig.4 Heavy metal contents in maize grains following blunt restoration

图5 土壤钝化修复对玉米籽粒重金属含量的影响

Fig.5 Impact of soil phytostabilization on heavy metal content in maize grains

图6 不同成土母质类型区土壤钝化修复土壤养分含量

Fig.6 Soil nutrient contents following blunt restoration

图7 土壤钝化修复对土壤养分含量的影响

Fig.7 Impact of blunt restoration on soil nutrient contents

表1 不同成土母质类型区土壤钝化修复玉米产量

Table 1 Yield of maize following blunt restoration

类型	修复区玉米产量/(kg·hm^-2)	对照区玉米产量/(kg·hm^-2)	玉米增产率/%
坡积物母质区	7 612.50	6 375~7 125	6.80~19.40
冲洪积物母质区	8 576.40	6 450~7 200	19.10~33.00

表2 不同成土母质类型区土壤植物修复生物量及去除率

Table 2 Biomass and removal rate in phytoremediation areas

类型	修复模式	每公顷植株数量/株	秸秆单株干重/g	提取量/(g·a^-1·hm^-2)
类型	修复模式	每公顷植株数量/株	秸秆单株干重/g	Cd	Pb	Cu		Cd		Pb		Cu
坡积物母质区	玉米	60 000	581.21	64.05	69.75	290.55	1.05		0.02		0.12
	龙葵	120 000	166.79	103.20	138.60	259.50	1.68		0.03		0.11
	合计	180 000	748.00	167.25	208.35	550.05	2.727		0.043		0.234
冲洪积物母质区	龙葵	120 000	166.79	95.40	153.30	205.35	1.58		0.04		0.07

图8 不同成土母质类型区土壤植物修复养分含量

Fig.8 Soil nutrient contents post-phytoremediation

图9 土壤植物修复对土壤养分含量的影响

Fig.9 Impact of phytoremediation on soil nutrient contents

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