地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 77-92.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.8.22

• 农田土壤污染机制与风险评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

冀北山区某有色多金属尾矿库周边农用地重金属污染特征与生态健康风险评价

郭学辉1,2(), 黄仁亮1,3, 万建华2   

  1. 1.天津大学 环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300072
    2.华北地质勘查局 五一四地质大队, 河北 承德 067000
    3.天津大学 海洋科学与技术学院, 天津 300072
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-12 修回日期:2023-06-22 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-18
  • 作者简介:郭学辉(1985—),男,硕士研究生,高级工程师,环境科学专业。E-mail: guoxuehui722@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目“有色金属采矿矿山重金属环境污染控制技术集成与应用研究”(18274217D)

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural land around a tailings pond, northern Hubei and ecological and human health risk assessment

GUO Xuehui1,2(), HUANG Renliang1,3, WAN Jianhua2   

  1. 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
    2. 514 Brigade of North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Chengde 067000, China
    3. School of Marine Science and Technology,Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • Received:2023-04-12 Revised:2023-06-22 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-18

摘要:

为了解冀北山区有色金属尾矿库对周边农用地的重金属污染特征和生态健康风险,通过资料搜集和调研,最终确定一处具有代表性的金铅锌尾矿库及周边农用地作为研究区。针对研究区农用地进行了样品采集与测试分析工作,并总结了农用地重金属污染特征,同时通过重金属累积分析、潜在生态风险和人体健康风险3种评价方法,开展了农用地土壤重金属污染评价工作。主要研究结果如下:农用地表层土壤不同程度地受到Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和As的污染较为严重,其中Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu表现为重度累积;农用地土壤重金属潜在生态危害处于极强的水平,应引起高度重视,重点关注重金属Cd、Pb和Hg;人体健康暴露风险方面,农用地土壤重金属非致癌与致癌暴露途径均应重点关注手口摄入,单元素非致癌与致癌日平均暴露量方面,均应重点关注Zn、Pb、Cu和Cr;人体健康儿童手口途径非致癌风险不可接受,单元素Pb和As手口途径非致癌风险指数分别为11.23和1.75,故应特别关注Pb和As手口途径对儿童的非致癌风险,成人手口途径非致癌风险也不可接受,重点关注单元素Pb手口途径对成人的非致癌风险;人体健康致癌风险方面,单元素Cd手口途径儿童与成人致癌风险不可接受,儿童单元素Cd手口途径致癌风险指数为3.38×10-4,成人Cd重金属手口途径致癌风险指数为1.63×10-4,故应特别重点关注研究区Cd手口途径对儿童与成人的致癌风险。总之,需要加强冀北山区有色重金属尾矿库周边农用地土壤的风险预警及相应管控工作,消除潜在的健康风险。

关键词: 尾矿库, 重金属, 污染特征, 生态风险, 风险评价

Abstract:

In order to understand the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land around non-ferrous metal taillings ponds in the mountainous areas of northern Hebei and the ecological and human health risks, a representative Au-Pb-Zn tailings pond and its surrounding agricultural land is selected as the research area. The soil pH and the contents of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Ni in the agricultural soils are determined by physiochemical analysis using ISE, XRF, AFS, ICP-MS methods. Heavy metal accumulation, potential ecological risks, and human health risks are analyzed to evaluate the ecological and human health risks caused by heavy metal pollution in the study area. The results showed that surface soil in the study area was heavily contaminated with Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As to varying degrees with high levels of accumulation, except for As. The potential ecological hazard level was very high, specially for Cd, Pd and Hg. In terms of human exposure and health risks, heavy metal exposure by hand-to-mouth contacts was the main cause of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, and Zn and Pb were of special concerns in terms single element daily exposure levels. In both children and adults regarding hand-to-mouth contacts, the non-carcinogenic hazard level was unacceptable—in children, the risk indices for Pb and As were 11.23 and 1.75, respectively; in adults, Pb was of special concern. In terms of carcinogenic health risks caused by hand-to-mouth contacts, the risk level of Cd exposure was unacceptable in both children and adults, with relevant risk indices of 3.38×10-4 and 1.63×10-4, respectively. In short, risk monitoring and early warning systems should be strengthened in the mining areas, and pollution control measures for at-risk agricultural land should be implemented accordingly to eliminate potential health risks.

Key words: tailings ponds, heavy metals, pollution characteristics, ecological risk, risk assessment

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