基于生态风险的土壤短链氯化石蜡环境基准研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

短链氯化石蜡(Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins, SCCPs)是一种持久性有机污染物,广泛应用于电缆、人造革等工业生产中,具有很强的生物毒性,并可以通过多种途径进入土壤环境,威胁着土壤生态环境安全。针对新污染物之一的SCCPs,已经有相关研究做出了基于淡水环境的基准,而目前关于SCCPs的土壤生态环境基准和风险的研究仍旧缺乏。鉴于此,本研究分别采用物种敏感度分布法和分配系数法推导了土壤中SCCPs的生态环境基准阈值,并对我国典型土壤中的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:采用物种敏感度分布法得出土壤的无效应浓度为71.46 mg/kg;采用分配系数法得到土壤的无效应浓度为10.1 mg/kg。经过与相关研究对比,最终选择利用分配系数法得到的基准值作为SCCPs的土壤生态环境基准值。由于物种选择和研究方法的差异性等,本研究获得的SCCPs土壤生态环境基准与其他国家存在一定差异。另外,运用风险商值法对土壤中的SCCPs环境风险进行评价,结果表明,目前我国主要地区的不同土壤类型中SCCPs的HQ值为7.23×10^-5~0.501 7,为低风险。本研究的结果可为土壤SCCPs环境质量标准的制定与环境风险管理提供参考依据。

关键词: 短链氯化石蜡, 土壤环境基准, 物种敏感度分布, 生态风险评价

Abstract:

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are widely used in the industrial production of cables, artificial leather, etc. SCCPs are biotoxins and can enter the soil environment through various pathways, threatening the ecological and environmental safety of soil. As a newly identified pollutant under UNECE, a SCCOs safety benchmark under the freshwater environment has been made, however, relevant research and benchmark under the soil environment are still lacking. To address this gap, this study analyzes published data on SCCP toxicity in soil and aquatic organisms to derive the predicted no effect concentration in soil (PNEC_soil) using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) or partition coefficient (PE) methods. Briefly, soil toxicity data using SSD method yielded a PNEC_soil value of 71.46 mg/kg, and aquatic toxicity data using PE method yielded a PNEC_soil value of 10.1 mg/kg. By comparing with related studies, the PNEC_soil value obtained by PE method was selected as the ecological safety benchmark value for SCCPs in soil. The benchmark value obtained from this study is somewhat different from those of other countries due to the differences in research conditions such as species selection and research methods. The environmental risk of SCCPs in soil was also evaluated by risk quotient method, which showed that the current HQ values of SCCPs in soil ranged between 7.23×10^-5 to 0.5017 for different soil types in the main regions of China, which is considered low risk. The results of this study provide a reference for the development of environmental quality standards and risk assessment of soil SCCPs.

Key words: short-chain chlorinated paraffins, soil environmental criteria, species sensitivity distribution, ecological risk assessment

中图分类号:

蒿梦秋月, 刘大庆, 闫振飞, 冯承莲. 基于生态风险的土壤短链氯化石蜡环境基准研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 54-63.

HAO Mengqiuyue, LIU Daqing, YAN Zhenfei, FENG Chenglian. Short chain chlorinated paraffins in soil: Environmental safety criteria based on ecological risks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 54-63.

图/表 7

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物种	终点	浓度/(mg·kg^-1)	筛选毒性值/(mg·kg^-1)	参考文献
白符䖴虫 Folsomia candida	28 d NOEC(生存)	1 250	660	[1]
	28 d LOEC(生存)	2 500		[1]
	28 d LC₅₀(生存)	5 700		[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	625		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	1 250		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	1 230		[1]
	28 d EC₁₀(繁殖)	660		[1]
赤子爱胜蚓 Eisenia fetida	28 d NOEC(生存)	10 000	1 158	[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	1 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	3 200		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	2 849		[1]
	28 d EC₁₀(繁殖)	1 158		[1]
白虫 Enchytraeus albidus	28 d NOEC(生存)	10 000	4 242.64	[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	3 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	6 000		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	6 027		[1]
土壤寡毛虫 Enchytraeus crypticus	42 d NOEC(生存)	6 000	7 745.97	[1]
	42 d LOEC(生存)	10 000		[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	6 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	10 000		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	6 027		[1]
	NOEC/LOEC(生存)	>1 000		[1]
138秀丽隐杆线虫 Caenorhabditis elegans	28 d NOEC(生存)	1 000	1 732.05	[1]
	28 d LOEC(生存)	3 000		[1]
	28 d LC₅₀(生存)	8 836		[1]
硝化细菌 Nitrifying bacteria	EC₁₀(群落)	570	570	[1]
红车轴草 Trifolium pratense	NOEC/LOEC(种子生长)	>1 000	1 000	[5]

物种	终点	浓度/(mg·kg^-1)	筛选毒性值/(mg·kg^-1)	参考文献
白符䖴虫 Folsomia candida	28 d NOEC(生存)	1 250	660	[1]
	28 d LOEC(生存)	2 500		[1]
	28 d LC₅₀(生存)	5 700		[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	625		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	1 250		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	1 230		[1]
	28 d EC₁₀(繁殖)	660		[1]
赤子爱胜蚓 Eisenia fetida	28 d NOEC(生存)	10 000	1 158	[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	1 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	3 200		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	2 849		[1]
	28 d EC₁₀(繁殖)	1 158		[1]
白虫 Enchytraeus albidus	28 d NOEC(生存)	10 000	4 242.64	[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	3 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	6 000		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	6 027		[1]
土壤寡毛虫 Enchytraeus crypticus	42 d NOEC(生存)	6 000	7 745.97	[1]
	42 d LOEC(生存)	10 000		[1]
	28 d NOEC(繁殖)	6 000		[1]
	28 d LOEC(繁殖)	10 000		[1]
	28 d EC₅₀(繁殖)	6 027		[1]
	NOEC/LOEC(生存)	>1 000		[1]
138秀丽隐杆线虫 Caenorhabditis elegans	28 d NOEC(生存)	1 000	1 732.05	[1]
	28 d LOEC(生存)	3 000		[1]
	28 d LC₅₀(生存)	8 836		[1]
硝化细菌 Nitrifying bacteria	EC₁₀(群落)	570	570	[1]
红车轴草 Trifolium pratense	NOEC/LOEC(种子生长)	>1 000	1 000	[5]

物种	终点	暴露时间/d	效应浓度/ (μg·L^-1)	参考文献
大型溞 Daphnia magna	NOEC	21	5.6	[36]
糠虾 Mysidopsis bahia	NOEC	28	7.3	[36]
中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	NOEC	4	12.1	[36]
虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss	NOEC	15~20	40	[36]
青鳉 Oryzias latipes	NOEC	20	57	[36]
摇蚊 Chironomus tentans	NOEC	49	61	[36]
对杂色鳉 Cyprinodon variegatus	NOEC	32	279.7	[36]
羊角月牙藻 Selenastrum capricornutum	NOEC	10	390	[36]

物种	终点	暴露时间/d	效应浓度/ (μg·L^-1)	参考文献
大型溞 Daphnia magna	NOEC	21	5.6	[36]
糠虾 Mysidopsis bahia	NOEC	28	7.3	[36]
中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	NOEC	4	12.1	[36]
虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss	NOEC	15~20	40	[36]
青鳉 Oryzias latipes	NOEC	20	57	[36]
摇蚊 Chironomus tentans	NOEC	49	61	[36]
对杂色鳉 Cyprinodon variegatus	NOEC	32	279.7	[36]
羊角月牙藻 Selenastrum capricornutum	NOEC	10	390	[36]

物种	效应和终点	效应浓度/ (mg·kg^-1)	参考文献
Duck鸭	急性口服LD50	>10 280	[34]
Pheasant野鸡	急性口服LD50	>24 606	[34]
Duck鸭	亚急性LC50	>24 063	[34]
Pheasant野鸡	亚急性LC50	>24 063	[34]
Mallard野鸭	慢性NOEC	166	[34]
大鼠	无效应水平	180	[5]
大鼠	无效应水平	600	[5]
小鼠	无效应水平	180	[5]
小鼠	无效应水平	120	[5]
大鼠	最低效应水平	10	[5]
大鼠	最低效应水平	100	[5]
大鼠	肝脏毒性(肝脏重量增加)	100	[5]
小鼠	肝脏毒性(免疫细胞渗透)	10	[5]
大鼠	内分泌干扰(甲状腺)	10	[5]
小鼠	免疫毒性	10	[5]