地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 541-552.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.3

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不同生态修复模式对矿业废弃地重金属-微生物影响分析

魏洪斌1,2(), 罗明1, 张世文3, 周鹏飞3   

  1. 1.自然资源部国土整治中心(自然资源部土地科技创新中心)/自然资源部土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100035
    2.安徽省高潜水位矿区水土资源综合利用与生态保护工程实验室, 安徽 淮南 232001
    3.安徽理工大学 地球与环境学院, 安徽 淮南 232001
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-24 修回日期:2023-06-06 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-20
  • 作者简介:魏洪斌(1984—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿区生态修复、土壤污染研究。E-mail: hongbin1202@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800701);安徽省高潜水位矿区水土资源综合利用与生态保护工程实验室开发课题(2022-WSREPMA-02);自然资源部部门预算项目(121108000000200001)

Effects of different remediation treatments on heavy metals and microorganisms in mining wasteland

WEI Hongbin1,2(), LUO Ming1, ZHANG Shiwen3, ZHOU Pengfei3   

  1. 1. Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center (Land Science and Technology Innovation Center), Ministry of Natural Resources/Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
    2. Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Protection in High Groundwater Mining Area, Huainan 232001, China
    3. School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • Received:2022-06-24 Revised:2023-06-06 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-20

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摘要：

为筛选矿业废弃地最优生态修复技术模式,以广东韶关大宝山矿业废弃地为研究对象,通过在矿业废弃地布设生态修复小区试验,应用重金属污染治理和土壤基质改良材料与乔灌草配置相结合,研究不同生态修复模式对矿业废弃地重金属和微生物的影响。结果表明:矿业废弃地在乔灌草不同生态修复模式下,试验小区5种优势植物对重金属的富集和转运能力不同,富集和转移系数总体表现为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb,不同修复模式下植物对4种重金属的滞留效应总体表现为Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd;不同植物根茎叶重金属含量具有较大的差异,5种优势植物中湿地松和紫薇属于茎叶部的Cd富集型植物,车前草和大叶女贞属于根部囤积型植物,苎麻属于重金属规避型植物;不同处理均能显著降低重金属有效态Cd、Pb的含量,降低程度均超过了50%,修复材料的添加以及立体生态修复模式的构建显著增加了土壤不同细菌种群的丰富度和多样性。不同植被组合中高耐性乔灌草立体生态修复设计为最佳修复模式,可以作为矿业废弃地生态修复的优选目标模式。

关键词: 生态修复, 矿业废弃地, 重金属污染, 土壤微生物, 群落结构

Abstract:

In order to optimize the application of plant-assisted bioremedation to mining wasteland, the Dabaoshan mining wasteland in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province was investigated through in situ remediation field experiment to assess the effects of different treatment plans—consisting of companion planting (trees, shrubs, grass crops) and soil conditioner application—on heavy metals (HMs) and microorganisms in mining wasteland. The bioconcentration factor (BCF), biotransfer factor (BTF) and HM retention rate were calculated and compared for the dominant plants to assess their HM remediation capacity. Based on the results of high-throughput soil DNA sequencing, the relationship between soil microbiome richness and diversity and environmental factors was discussed. Five dominant plants were identified under different treatment plans and showed varying remediation capacities. In the dominant plants, the overall BCF and BTF of heavy metals followed the order of Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and HM retention rates were Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. Heavy metal contents in roots, stems and leaves of different plants varied greatly. Among the five dominant plants, Cd concentrated most in the stems and leaves of Pinus elliottii and Lagerstroemia indica, and HMs accumulated in roots of Plantago asiatica and Ligustrun lucidum Ait.; while Boehmeria nivea was resistant to HMs via avoidance. All treatment plans significantly reduced Cd/Pb soil contents by more than 50%. The addition of soil conditioners and use of companion planting significantly increased soil microbiome richness and diversity, where plan D showed the largest reduction of Cd bioavailability and plan C the highest microbiome diversity. Proteus and Actinomycetes were the dominant flora in all soil samples. Furthermore, companion planting of high tolerance plants significantly reduced Cd/Pb bioavailability, altered soil microbiota profile, and helped to increase the abundance of HM resistance flora and establish a healthy soil microbiota, thereby achieving effective bioremediation of mining wasteland. Companion planting of high tolerance trees, shrubs and grasses with variable plant combinations is the best phytoremediation strategy for mining wasteland.

Key words: ecological restoration, mining wasteland, heavy metals pollution, soil microorganisms, community structure

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