地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 83-89.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.10.8

• 矿区生态修复 • 上一篇    下一篇

全国采矿损毁土地分布与治理状况及存在问题

杨金中1(), 许文佳1,2, 姚维岭1, 孙娅琴1   

  1. 1.中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心, 北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-30 修回日期:2021-03-20 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-25
  • 作者简介:杨金中(1970—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事矿山遥感监测和矿产资源遥感调查等工作。E-mail: 67786808@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全国矿山环境恢复治理状况遥感地质调查与监测”(202012000000180007)

Land destroyed by mining in China: Damage distribution, rehabilitation status and existing problems

YANG Jinzhong1(), XU Wenjia1,2, YAO Weiling1, SUN Yaqin1   

  1. 1. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
    2. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2020-09-30 Revised:2021-03-20 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-25

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摘要：

服务“源头严控、过程严管、后果严惩”全链条管理的全国矿山遥感监测技术体系已经形成。2019年遥感监测查明:全国采矿损毁土地361.05万hm2,约占全国陆域面积的0.37%;其中,挖损土地145.93万hm2,压占土地130.67万hm2,塌陷土地84.45万hm2;在建生产矿山采矿损毁土地134.04万hm2,废弃矿山采矿损毁土地227.01万hm2。全国累计矿山环境恢复治理土地93.08万hm2。2018年度,全国新增的采矿损毁土地4.81万hm2,新增的矿山环境恢复治理土地6.52万hm2。初步分析了全国采矿损毁土地、矿山环境恢复治理土地等遥感工作现状及存在问题,提出对策建议。

关键词: 采矿损毁土地, 矿山环境恢复治理, 矿山生态修复, 遥感监测

Abstract:

A national mine monitoring system using remote sensing technology has been in service to meet the “strict source control, strict process management, severe punishment for consequences” chain management requirements. The monitoring system revealed that by the end of 2018, 3.61 million hm2, or 0.37% of the total land in China, had been destroyed by mining. Of which, the excavation damaged land, occupied land and subsidence land were 1.46, 1.31 and 0.84 million hm2, respectively. The total and abandoned mine areas were 1.34 and 2.27 million hm2, respectively. Meanwhile, the nationwide mine rehabilitation area was 0.93 million hm2 by the end of 2018. During the year 2018, 48.1 thousand hm2 additional land in the country were destroyed by mining while 65.2 thousand hm2 rehabilitated. This research provides a preliminary analysis of the national ecological rehabilitation status of land destroyed by mining and existing problems, with discussions on countermeasures and suggestions for land management.

Key words: land damaged by mining, mine environment recovery, mine ecological rehabilitation, remote sensing monitoring

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