云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.57

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。

关键词: 云蒙湖, 表层沉积物, 重金属, 源分析, 风险评价

Abstract:

To explore the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in Lake Yunmeng, the distribution, source and ecological risk of six heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and As) in lake surface sediments were analyzed to provide a basis for the pollution treatment and ensure drinking water safety for Lake Yunmeng. The source of heavy metals was investigated by enrichment factor, correlation and cluster analysis, and the contamination and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated by using geoaccumulation, enrichment factor and potential ecological risk indexes. The results indicate the average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and As were 20.9, 73.1, 23.1, 62.0, 0.4 and 4.5 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the soil background values, elevated Cd, Zn and Cr levels were found in Linyi City, and Cd pollution was the most serious. Source analysis shows that Cd was greatly affected by human activities likely related to local fertilizer use in agriculture and forestry, whereas Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and As were mainly from natural sources. The evaluation results indicate Cd was the main polluting element in surface sediments posing relatively high ecological risk in Lake Yunmen.

Key words: Lake Yunmeng, surface sediments, heavy metals, source analysis, risk assessment

中图分类号:

曹伟, 张雷, 秦延文, 迟明慧, 赵艳民, 杨晨晨, 时瑶. 云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 448-455.

CAO Wei, ZHANG Lei, QIN Yanwen, CHI Minghui, ZHAO Yanmin, YANG Chenchen, SHI Yao. Spatial distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in Lake Yunmeng[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 448-455.

图/表 9

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地累积指数		潜在生态危害指数		综合潜在生态危害指数
阈值区间	污染等级	阈值区间	风险因子程度分级	阈值区间	风险指数程度分级
I_geo≤0	无	E_i<40	轻微生态风险	RI<150	低
0<I_geo≤1	轻度-中等	40≤E_i<80	中等生态风险	150≤RI<300	中
1<I_geo≤2	中等	80≤E_i <160	较强生态风险	300≤RI<600	高
2<I_geo≤3	中等-强	160≤E_i <320	强生态风险	RI≥600	极高
3<I_geo≤4	强	E_i≥320	很强生态风险
4<I_geo≤5	强-极严重
I_geo>5	极严重

地累积指数		潜在生态危害指数		综合潜在生态危害指数
阈值区间	污染等级	阈值区间	风险因子程度分级	阈值区间	风险指数程度分级
I_geo≤0	无	E_i<40	轻微生态风险	RI<150	低
0<I_geo≤1	轻度-中等	40≤E_i<80	中等生态风险	150≤RI<300	中
1<I_geo≤2	中等	80≤E_i <160	较强生态风险	300≤RI<600	高
2<I_geo≤3	中等-强	160≤E_i <320	强生态风险	RI≥600	极高
3<I_geo≤4	强	E_i≥320	很强生态风险
4<I_geo≤5	强-极严重
I_geo>5	极严重

站位及参量	重金属含量/(mg·kg^-1)
站位及参量	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	As
S1	10.4	32.6	13.8	64.5	0.7	2.0
S2	24.2	79.9	19.7	70.7	0.5	5.1
S3	27.3	102.1	25.5	83.5	0.1	4.9
S4	2.6	9.5	5.8	12.0	0.1	0.3
S5	11.7	29.2	22.2	20.7	0.1	6.0
S6	22.9	69.6	15.4	59.6	0.6	2.6
S7	28.1	95.7	18.7	76.5	0.6	2.8
S8	28.0	103.0	56.2	72.3	0.4	10.2
S9	21.8	58.9	14.0	54.8	0.5	9.2
S10	11.2	45.6	24.6	47.0	0.2	5.0
S11	20.6	67.7	24.9	52.0	0.4	4.8
S12	35.8	128.2	28.9	74.9	0.4	1.2
S13	29.1	113.9	28.2	69.5	0.1	1.6
S14	26.9	84.5	21.5	53.9	0.5	6.6
S15	12.8	75.7	27.0	117.7	0.2	5.9
平均值	20.9	73.1	23.1	62.0	0.4	4.5
临沂市土壤背景值	23.7	64.5	26.1	61.1	0.125	6.5
站位样品数量超标比例	46.7%	66.7%	26.7%	53.3%	86.6%	20.0%
平均值与临沂市土壤背景值之比	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	3.2	0.7

站位及参量	重金属含量/(mg·kg^-1)
站位及参量	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	As
S1	10.4	32.6	13.8	64.5	0.7	2.0
S2	24.2	79.9	19.7	70.7	0.5	5.1
S3	27.3	102.1	25.5	83.5	0.1	4.9
S4	2.6	9.5	5.8	12.0	0.1	0.3
S5	11.7	29.2	22.2	20.7	0.1	6.0
S6	22.9	69.6	15.4	59.6	0.6	2.6
S7	28.1	95.7	18.7	76.5	0.6	2.8
S8	28.0	103.0	56.2	72.3	0.4	10.2
S9	21.8	58.9	14.0	54.8	0.5	9.2
S10	11.2	45.6	24.6	47.0	0.2	5.0
S11	20.6	67.7	24.9	52.0	0.4	4.8
S12	35.8	128.2	28.9	74.9	0.4	1.2
S13	29.1	113.9	28.2	69.5	0.1	1.6
S14	26.9	84.5	21.5	53.9	0.5	6.6
S15	12.8	75.7	27.0	117.7	0.2	5.9
平均值	20.9	73.1	23.1	62.0	0.4	4.5
临沂市土壤背景值	23.7	64.5	26.1	61.1	0.125	6.5
站位样品数量超标比例	46.7%	66.7%	26.7%	53.3%	86.6%	20.0%
平均值与临沂市土壤背景值之比	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	3.2	0.7

站位	各重金属富集系数
站位	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	As
S1	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.9	4.9	0.3
S2	1.8	1.5	1.3	2.0	6.6	1.3
S3	1.8	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.2
S4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.7	0.0
S5	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.5	0.6
S6	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.8	3.8	0.3
S7	1.4	1.8	0.9	1.5	5.1	0.5
S8	1.3	1.7	2.3	1.3	2.9	1.7
S9	1.1	1.1	0.6	1.0	4.0	1.6
S10	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.4	0.9
S11	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9	3.8	0.8
S12	3.1	3.6	2.3	2.5	6.1	0.4
S13	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.9	0.9
S14	1.4	1.6	1.0	1.1	4.2	1.2
S15	0.6	1.3	1.2	2.2	1.5	1.0
平均值	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.4	3.4	0.9