全球典型大陆造山带中榴辉岩的折返机制:来自变质岩和地球物理的限制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.12.37

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 303-315.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.12.37

所属专题：印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应

• "印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应"专栏之三 • 上一篇下一篇

全球典型大陆造山带中榴辉岩的折返机制:来自变质岩和地球物理的限制

张丁丁(), 张衡^*()

中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-11-15 修回日期:2021-12-22 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-22
通信作者: 张衡
作者简介:张丁丁(1988—),女,博士后,主要从事变质岩石学研究。E-mail: zhangdingding@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41702060);中国科学院战略先导项目(XDA20070301);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018097);国家自然科学基金项目(1974109);国家自然科学基金项目(41776201);中国科学院王宽诚率先人才计划项目(GJTD-2019-04);国家自然科学基础科学基金项目(BSCTPES);国家自然科学基础科学基金项目(41988101);国家科技基础资源调查专项第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0708)

The exhumation mechanism of eclogites in continental orogenic belts: Metamorphic petrology and geophysical constraints

ZHANG Dingding(), ZHANG Heng^*()

State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2021-12-22 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-22
Contact: ZHANG Heng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大陆岩石圈深俯冲作用是地球科学领域的前沿热点,榴辉岩的折返机制是板块构造及动力学的关键科学问题。全球著名的大陆造山带中榴辉岩的p-T轨迹呈现差异性折返特征,为了揭示榴辉岩的折返机制,本文结合变质岩石学和地球物理学研究,选取3个典型大陆造山带——中生代—新生代的阿尔卑斯造山带、中生代的苏鲁—大别造山带和新生代的喜马拉雅造山带中的榴辉岩进行阐述。在阿尔卑斯造山带地区,地球物理研究结果发现,欧洲板块的俯冲造成了Adria地区下方的岩石圈存在明显厚度差异。同时,阿尔卑斯造山带Doria Maria和Pohorje地区以及Pohorje地区内部,榴辉岩折返历史也不尽相同,原因可能是亚德里亚大洋岩石圈断离后不同期次的逆冲推覆作用使其差异性斜向挤出。苏鲁—大别造山带中榴辉岩的快速折返,原因可能是华南板块与华北板块碰撞后岩石圈的拆沉或断离作用。在喜马拉雅造山带,西构造结和中喜马拉雅榴辉岩的折返存在差异性。在西构造结,那让和卡甘榴辉岩呈现不同的p-T轨迹和折返速率,变质岩石学和地球物理研究结果都表明它们的差异性折返很可能与印度-欧亚大陆碰撞过程中的构造挤压作用以及印度大陆岩石圈的断离作用有关。喜马拉雅造山带是年轻的正在进行造山活动的造山带,相较于古老的苏鲁-大别造山带,它更适合变质岩石学和地球物理学的综合研究。因此西构造结高压/超高压榴辉岩的折返机制——构造挤压和俯冲板块断离可应用于全球造山带。

关键词: 造山带, 高压/超高压, 榴辉岩, 折返, 地球物理, 变质岩石学

Abstract:

The deep subduction of the continental lithosphere is a frontier hotspot in the field of earth science, and the exhumation mechanism of eclogite is a key scientific issue in plate tectonics and continental dynamics. The p-T paths of eclogites from the world-famous continental orogenic belts show differential exhumation characteristics. To explore the exhumation mechanism in this study, metamorphic petrology and geophysical investigations were conducted on eclogites from three typical continental orogenic belts-Mesozoic-Cenozoic Alps, Mesozoic Sulu-Dabie, and Cenozoic Himalayas. The geophysical investigation found that, in the Alpine orogenic belt, subduction of the European plate resulted in large variations in lithospheric thickness beneath the Adria area. At the same time, the exhumation histories of eclogites are not the same in the Doria Maria and Pohorje areas of the Alpine orogenic belt versus in the greater Pohorje area, which, then, is probably due to the differential oblique extrusion of thrusting nappes from different periods after the break-off of the Adriatic ocean lithosphere. In the Sulu-Dabie orogenic belt, rapid exhumation of eclogites is likely be caused by the delamination or break-off of the lithosphere after the collision of the South and North China blocks. In the Himalayan orogenic belt, there are differences in the exhumation histories of eclogites in the middle Himalayas, and so are the differences in the p-T path and exhumation rate of eclogites from Naran versus from the Upper Kaghan Valley in the Western Himalayan Syntaxis. The differential exhumation, according to both metamorphic petrology and geophysical studies, is likely related to the tectonic extrusion and the break-off of the Indian continental lithosphere during the collision of the Indian and European plates. The Himalayan Orogen is a young and ongoing orogeny, thus it is more suitable for comprehensive metamorphic petrology and geophysical studies compared to the ancient Sulu-Dabie Orogen. Therefore, the exhumation mechanism of (ultra)-high-pressure eclogites in the Western Himalayan Syntaxis, i.e., tectonic compression and the break-off of subducting plate, can be applied to global orogenic belts.

Key words: orogenic belt, UP/UHP, eclogite, exhumation, geophysics, metamorphic petrology

中图分类号:

张丁丁, 张衡. 全球典型大陆造山带中榴辉岩的折返机制:来自变质岩和地球物理的限制[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 303-315.

ZHANG Dingding, ZHANG Heng. The exhumation mechanism of eclogites in continental orogenic belts: Metamorphic petrology and geophysical constraints[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 303-315.

图/表 7

图1 全球大陆和大洋高压/超高压变质岩分布 (据文献[4,5]修改)

Fig.1 Distribution of global continental and oceanic HP/UHP metamorphic rocks. Modified from [4,5].

图2 阿尔卑斯造山带中不同榴辉岩p-T轨迹比较图(据文献[12,13,14,15]修改) P—葡萄石-绿纤石相;Z—浊沸石相;GS—绿片岩相;B—蓝片岩相;EA—绿帘角闪岩相; A—角闪岩相;EC—榴辉岩相;EC-HPG—榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相;G—麻粒岩相;UHP—超高压相;UHT—超高温相。

Fig.2 Comparison of the p-T paths of eclogites from the Alps orogenic belt. Modified after [12-15]. P: prehnite-pumpellyite facies; Z: laumontite facies; GS: greenschist facies; A: amphibolite facies; EA: epidote-amphibolite facies; B: blueschist facies; EC:eclogite facies; EC-HPG: eclogite-high-pressure granulite; G: granulite-facies; UHP: ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism; UHT: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.

图3 阿尔卑斯地壳地幔构造示意图 (据文献[16,17]修改)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram showing the crust-mantle structure beneath the Alps. Modified after [16-17].

图4 大别山不同地区榴辉岩p-T轨迹比较图(据文献[29]修改) P—葡萄石-绿纤石相;Z—浊沸石相;GS—绿片岩相;B—蓝片岩相;EA—绿帘角闪岩相; A—角闪岩相;EC—榴辉岩相;EC-HPG—榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相;G—麻粒岩相;UHP—超高压相;UHT—超高温相。

Fig.4 Comparison of the p-T paths of eclogites from the Dabie orogenic belt. Modified after [29]. P: prehnite-pumpellyite facies; Z: laumontite facies; GS: greenschist facies; A: amphibolite facies; EA: epidote-amphibolite facies;B: blueschist facies; EC: eclogite facies; EC-HPG: eclogite-high-pressure granulite; G: granulite-facies;UHP: ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism; UHT: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.

图5 东大别中榴辉岩的折返模型 (据文献[32]修改)

Fig.5 Exhumation model for eclogites from the Eastern Dabie orogenic belt. Modified after [32].

图6 喜马拉雅西构造结和中喜马拉雅中榴辉岩p-T轨迹比较图 (据文献[52,55,59-60,62]修改) P—葡萄石-绿纤石相;Z—浊沸石相;GS—绿片岩相;B—蓝片岩相;EA—绿帘角闪岩相; A—角闪岩相;EC—榴辉岩相;EC-HPG—榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相;G—麻粒岩相;UHP—超高压相;UHT—超高温相。

Fig.6 Comparison of the p-T paths of eclogites from the Western Himalaya Syntaxis and central Himalaya. Modified after [52,55,59-60,62]. P: prehnite-pumpellyite facies; Z: laumontite facies; GS: greenschist facies; A: amphibolite facies; EA: epidote-amphibolite facies;B: blueschist facies; EC:eclogite facies; EC-HPG: eclogite-high-pressure granulite; G: granulite-facies;UHP: ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism; UHT: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.

图7 西构造结地壳地幔构造示意图(据文献[63,68]修改)

Fig.7 Schematic diagram showing the crust-mantle structure beneath the Western Himalayan Syntaxis. Modified after [63,68].

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全球典型大陆造山带中榴辉岩的折返机制:来自变质岩和地球物理的限制

The exhumation mechanism of eclogites in continental orogenic belts: Metamorphic petrology and geophysical constraints

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