吉林红旗岭晚三叠世镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体矿物化学和岩石地球化学特征:对镍-铜成矿的启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吉林红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩群位于中亚造山带东段南缘,由3个北西向岩带(I、II、III)组成,包括30多个小岩株,其中 I-岩带的部分岩体伴有铜镍矿化,并且其1和7号岩体分别形成了中型和大型岩浆铜镍硫化物型矿床。矿床主要容矿岩石为辉橄岩、橄辉岩、斜方辉石岩、二辉石岩、苏长岩和辉长岩。主量元素方面,红旗岭岩群具有富镁(w(MgO)=20.7%~31.1%)、低钛(w(TiO₂)=0.33%~0.79%)、低碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)=0.60%~2.29%)和硅(w(SiO₂)=40.0%~53.0%)变化范围大的特征;微量元素方面,红旗岭岩群呈现弱富集LREE和LILE(Th)以及亏损HREE和HFSE(Nb-Ta-Ti)。岩相学、地球化学和矿物(橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、尖晶石、斜长石和角闪石)主微量元素特征表明,红旗岭岩群明显不同于洋岛型玄武岩、阿拉斯加型环状杂岩和科马提岩,但与岛弧玄武岩以及中亚造山带西段的“黄山西”和“黄山东”铜镍硫化物矿床的容矿超镁铁质岩相似,其母岩浆是一种富Mg、亏损Nb-Ta的岛弧拉斑玄武质熔体,形成于晚三叠世古亚洲洋闭合后伸展环境,演化过程中经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用,含矿母岩浆可能经历了硫化物的“二次熔离”,最终形成了铂族元素(PGE)亏损型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。

关键词: 岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床, 高镁拉斑玄武质母岩浆, 硫化物熔离, 铂族元素亏损, 碰撞后伸展环境, 红旗岭, 中亚造山带

Abstract:

The Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic rocks include three belts (I, II and III) and are composed of over 30 small intrusions. They are located in the southern margin of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Several intrusions in belt I develop Ni and Cu mineralization, with Nos.1 and 7 intrusions forming medium- and large-sized magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits, respectively. The major host rocks for Ni-Cu ore bodies are harzburgite, lherzolite, orthopyroxenite, websterite, norite and gabbro. These mafic-ultramafic rocks are characterized by high Mg (w(MgO)~20.7%-31.1%), moderate Si (w(SiO₂)~40.03%-53.01%) and low Ti (w(TiO₂)~0.33%-0.79%) and alkalis (w(K₂O+Na₂O)~0.60%-2.29%) contents. The patterns of trace elements show weak enrichments of LREE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) and LILE (Th) and depletions of HREE and HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti). Whole-rock geochemical data and mineral (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, spinel, plagioclase, amphibole) chemistry indicate the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions are different from OIB, Alaskan-type complex and komatiite, but similar to arc-type basalt and mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Huangshanxi and Huangshandong Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the western CAOB. The parental magma for the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions is a high-Mg and low Nb-Ta tholeiitic melt which has undergone crustal contamination and fractional crystallization during evolution. Ore-bearing parental magma for the Hongqiling deposit likely experienced “second” separation of sulfide, forming the PGE-depleted Ni-Cu sulfide deposit.

Key words: magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, high-Mg tholeiitic melt, separation of sulfide, depletion of PGE, post-collisional extensional setting, Hongqiling, Central Asian Orogenic Belt

中图分类号:

王建, 杨言辰, 李爱, 袁海齐. 吉林红旗岭晚三叠世镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体矿物化学和岩石地球化学特征:对镍-铜成矿的启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 249-269.

WANG Jian, YANG Yanchen, LI Ai, YUAN Haiqi. Characteristics of mineral chemistry and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions: Implications for Ni-Cu mineralization[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 249-269.

图/表 19

图1 中亚造山带地质简图及主要岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布(底图据文献[14]修改) 注:容矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年龄:喀拉通克(287 Ma[4])、黄山西(284 Ma[4])、黄山东(274 Ma[5])、额布图(287 Ma[7])、红旗岭(220~216 Ma[8,14])。

Fig.1 Simplified geological map of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and distribution of the main magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits. Modified after [14].

图2 中亚造山带东段中国东北构造格架(据文献[29]修改) 注:标有数字的黑实心圆代表板块缝合线(1—新林-喜桂图;2—贺根山-黑河;3—索伦克-西拉木伦-长春-延吉;4—牡丹江-伊兰);标有数字的浅灰色实心圆代表区域性断裂(1—德尔布干;2—嫩江-八里罕;3—佳木斯-伊兰;4—敦化-密山;5—跃进山;6—赤峰-开原)。

Fig.2 Tectonic framework of the NE China, eastern segment of CAOB. Modified after [29].

图3 (a)吉林红旗岭岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床地质简图及(b)镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体分布图(据文献[8]修改)

Fig.3 (a)Regional geologic map for the Hongqiling Ni-Cu deposit, and (b) Detailed distribution of the mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Hongqiling area. Modified after [8].

图4 吉林红旗岭1号岩体平面图和剖面图(a,b)及7号岩体平面图和剖面图(c,d)(据文献[8]修改)

Fig.4 Plane graphs and cross-sections of the No.1 (a, b) and No.7 (c, d) intrusions. Modified after [8].

图5 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩代表性显微镜下照片 a—蛇纹石化橄榄石和小颗粒尖晶石包裹在斜方辉石中;b—斜方辉石和橄榄石包裹在单斜辉石中,同时单斜辉石发育褐色角闪石反应边;c,d—斜方辉石包裹橄榄石形成包橄榄结构,同时辉石边部有角闪石的反应边;e—网状蚀变的橄榄石包裹于斜方辉石和角闪石中,形成包橄结构;f—斜长石及少量单斜辉石充填在粒状斜方辉石之间,形成包含结构和填隙结构;g,h—斜长石(板状)和单斜辉石(纤维状)构成典型辉长结构,辉石边缘发育褐色角闪石(辉长岩)。

Fig.5 Microphotographs of representative rocks from the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions Ol—olivine; Opx—orthopyroxene; Cpx— clinopyroxene; Spl— spinel; Pl—plagioclase; Am—amphibole.

表1 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体中代表性尖晶石主量元素分析结果

Table 1 Analytical results of representative spinel grains in the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

表2 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体中代表性橄榄石主量元素分析结果

Table 2 Analytical results of representative olivine grains in the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

表3 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体中代表性斜方辉石主量元素分析结果

Table 3 Analytical results of representative orthopyroxene grains in the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

表4 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体中代表性单斜辉石主量元素分析结果

Table 4 Analytical results of representative clinopyroxene grains in the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

表5 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体中代表性角闪石主量元素分析结果

Table 5 Analytical results of representative amphibole grains in the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图6 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩中尖晶石三元(Cr3+-Al3+-Fe3+)和二元(Mg#-Cr#)分类图解注:黄山西数据引自文献[4];黄山东数据引自文献[6];其他地区数据引自文献[17-18]。

Fig.6 Compositions of spinel from the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions and comparison with those elsewhere in the world

图7 红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩中(a)尖晶石和(b)单斜辉石微量元素分布模式图注:研究区矿物微量元素引自[36];MORB中尖晶石数据引自[37];黄山西数据引自[4];科马提岩数据引自[38];原始地幔引自[39]。

Fig.7 (a) Trace and major elements for spinel, and (b) Incompatible element patterns for clinopyroxene in samples from the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图8 红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩中橄榄石的Ca-Fo图解(a)和辉石的Wo-En-Fs分类图解(b)(据文献[44]修改) 注:Annette和Duke岛杂岩数据引自文献[42];CFB,OIB和科马提岩的数据引自文献[43]。

Fig.8 Plots of Ca versus Fo contents in olivine (a), and Wo-En-Fs diagram of pyroxenes (b) (after [44]) for samples from the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图9 红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体中角闪石分类图解(据文献[47]修改)

Fig.9 The classification diagram of amphibole from the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Modified after [47].

表6 红旗岭镁铁—超镁铁质侵入体主量元素分析结果

Table 6 Major elements of samples from the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

表7 红旗岭镁铁—超镁铁质侵入体微量元素分析结果

Table 7 Trace elements of samples from the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图10 红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩(a)稀土元素和(b)微量元素分布模式注:标记HQ1-10 和HQ2-13 的样品代表利用文献[48]质量平衡方程计算出的“捕获熔体”成分;原始地幔和球粒陨石的数据参考文献[39];黄山西侵入体数据引自文献[4]。

Fig.10 (a) Chondrite normalized REE and (b) Primitive mantle normalized incompatible element patterns for the Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图11 红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩的(a)Th/Yb-Nb/Yb 和(b)Ce/Nb-Th/Nb 图解注:OIB、N-MORB、弧火山岩和俯冲带相关的镁铁质侵入岩的数据据文献[51-52]。

Fig.11 Diagrams of (a) Th/Yb-Nb/Yb and (b) Ce/Nb-Th/Nb for the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions

图12 红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩的Sm-Sm/Yb图解(据文献[59]修改) 注:图中数据引自文献[60]。

Fig.12 Diagram of Sm-Sm/Yb for the the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Modified after [59].

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