中国东部中生代上叠造山系

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.7.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

印支运动和燕山运动是中国东部中生代时期两次十分重要的造山运动。由这两次造山运动形成的构造带,既不是陈国达所说的地壳演化第三阶段的产物,也不是一些学者所谓的由板块内部动力产生的陆内(或板内)造山带。它们是在古太平洋动力体系作用下,在中国东部先成大陆地壳之上形成的上叠造山系,过去我们曾称其为中国东部滨太平洋大陆边缘活动(活化)带。中生代时期,在古太平洋动力体系作用下,于俄罗斯东北部—锡霍特阿林—日本—琉球—中国台湾—巴拉望一带形成亚洲东缘造山系,在邻接亚洲东部陆缘的中国东部大陆地壳之上形成中国东部上叠造山系。二者在同一动力体系作用下,同步发展,共同组成亚洲东部太平洋构造域规模宏大的巨型中生代造山系,彻底改变了亚洲东部印支造山前的构造面貌。

关键词: 上叠造山带, 印支造山旋回, 燕山造山旋回, 中国东部中生代上叠造山系, 太平洋构造域

Abstract:

The Indosinian and Yanshanian orogenic movements are both important Mesozoic orogenies in eastern China. The resulted tectonic belts are neither products of the third stage of crustal evolution, as proposed by Chen Guoda, nor intracontinental (or intraplate) orogenic belts generated by intraplate dynamics, as argued by some scholars—rather, they are superposed orogenic belts created on the preformed continental crust in eastern China due to Mosozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system. In the past, these orogenic belts were called the peri-Pacific continent-marginal reactivated belts of eastern China. In the Mesozoic, under the effect of Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, the East Asia margin orogenic system formed along Northeast Russia-Sikhote Alin (Russia)-Japan-Ryukyu-Taiwan (China)-Palawan (Philippines) regions, while simultaneously the Mesozoic superposed orogenic system formed in the pre-existing continental crust in eastern China adjacent to the East Asia continental margin. The two orogenic systems, both driven by Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, developed synchronously to form the giant Mesozoic orogenic system in the Pacific tectonic domain in eastern Asia, radically changing the pre-Indosian tectonic framework of eastern Asia.

Key words: superposed orogenic belt, Indosinian orogenic cycle, Yanshanian orogenic cycle, Mesozoic superposed orogenic system of eastern China, Pacific tectonic domain

中图分类号:

P544
P542

任纪舜, 刘建辉, 朱俊宾. 中国东部中生代上叠造山系[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 142-153.

REN Jishun, LIU Jianhui, ZHU Junbin. Mesozoic superposed orogenic system in eastern China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 142-153.

图/表 7

图1 中国及邻区构造简图(印支造山运动前)

Fig.1 Simplified tectonic map of eastern China and adjacent regions before the Indosinian orogeny

图2 北票附近构造剖面(据文献[19]修改) K—白垩系;Kv—白垩纪火山岩;JK—侏罗纪—白垩纪煤系;Jc—侏罗纪煤系;Jv—侏罗纪火山岩;HI—震旦纪(今已修正为中元古代)石灰岩。an—安山岩;tr—粗面岩。

Fig.2 Structural section of Beipiao area. Modified after [19].

图3 中国东部及邻区地质图

Fig.3 Geological map of eastern China and adjacent regions

图4 中国及邻区构造简图(燕山造山后)

Fig.4 Simplified tectonic map of eastern China and adjacent regions after the Yanshanian orogeny

表1 印支-燕山旋回造山运动划分简表

Table 1 Orogenic phases of the Indosinian-Yanshanian tectonic cycles

造山旋回	期次	地层
燕山造山旋回	第3幕	上覆代表性地层:Albian期登娄库组/东井组上限年龄:(110±5) Ma 造山运动时代:早白垩世晚期
	第2幕	上覆代表性地层:Valanginian-Hauterivian张家口火山岩上限年龄:135 Ma 造山运动时代:晚侏罗世中晚期—白垩纪初
	第1幕	上覆代表性地层:Bajocian-Bothonian髫髻山组/蓝旗组上限年龄:(165±5) Ma 造山运动时代:中侏罗世中期
印支造山旋回	第3幕	上覆代表性地层:早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世初象山组/北票组上限年龄:(190±5) Ma 造山运动时代:晚三叠世末—侏罗纪初
	第2幕	上覆代表性地层:Norian安源煤系/艮口组上限年龄:220 Ma 造山运动时代:中三叠世末—晚三叠世早期
	第1幕	上覆代表性地层:早三叠世地层上限年龄:250 Ma 造山运动时代:晚二叠世晚期

图5 中国东部及邻区地壳-上地幔立交桥式结构图(据文献[6-7,36]修改) a—表层构造(1.鄂尔多斯盆地;2.四川盆地;3.松辽盆地;4.渤海湾盆地;5.江汉盆地;6.苏北盆地);b—地壳结构;c—上地幔结构,虚线表示上地幔密度(单位为g/cm3)等值线(据文献[35]修改)。

Fig.5 Overpass-like crust-upper mantle architecture of eastern China and adjacent regions. Modified after [6-7,36].

图6 中国及邻区构造-地貌图(喜马拉雅造山后)

Fig.6 Morphostructural map of China and adjacent regions after the Himalayan orogeny

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