准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系火山岩形成机制:对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的新启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.12.2

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 385-402.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.12.2

准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系火山岩形成机制:对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的新启示

焦小芹¹^,²(), 张关龙³, 牛花朋¹^,²^,^*(), 王圣柱³, 于洪洲³, 熊峥嵘³, 周健³, 谷文龙¹^,²

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015

收稿日期:2021-07-29 修回日期:2021-12-12 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通信作者: 牛花朋
作者简介:焦小芹(1995—),女,博士研究生,岩石学与储层地质学专业。E-mail: jiaoxiaoqin0109@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05063002—006);北京高等学校青年英才计划项目(YETP0669)

Genesis of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in northeastern Junggar Basin: New insights into the Junggar Ocean closure

JIAO Xiaoqin¹^,²(), ZHANG Guanlong³, NIU Huapeng¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Shengzhu³, YU Hongzhou³, XIONG Zhengrong³, ZHOU Jian³, GU Wenlong¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257015, China

Received:2021-07-29 Revised:2021-12-12 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: NIU Huapeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准噶尔古大洋作为古亚洲洋北部的重要分支及阶段性演化产物,其洋盆的俯冲、闭合时限以及盆地基底属性一直存在分歧。本文选取准噶尔盆地东北缘(乌伦古地区)石炭系火山岩来说明其岩浆来源及成因机制,通过主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素分析结果,进一步阐明准噶尔洋盆在晚古生代的闭合时限。本次研究包括玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩三类火山岩,岩体显示低TiO₂(0.60%~0.84%)、较高的全碱K₂O+Na₂O含量(1.18%~8.59%),玄武岩为岛弧拉斑系列,安山岩类的钙碱元素含量高,具有火山弧火山岩特征。中-低⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i)(0.703 250~0.704 559)、相对亏损的Nd同位素(+4.8~+6.8)以及t_DM2(483~625 Ma)值表明玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩同为亏损地幔熔融岩浆分异结晶的产物,安山岩为地幔熔融岩浆后期分离结晶形成;微量元素与同位素地球化学示踪暗示玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩含有洋壳俯冲过程的脱水流体交代上覆地幔楔的消减组分,安山岩在深部岩浆房经历了壳-幔混合作用,受地壳成分的混染程度更大。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Sr和轻稀土元素、不相容元素(Th、U、K)相对富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta相对亏损,以及Pb、Zr、Hf的富集,说明该区属于与俯冲消减带相关的构造背景;结合本套火山岩高Ba/La(30.14~208.86)值、低TiO₂(0.60%~0.84%)值,以及Ce/Nb比(8.71~12.05)、Th/Nb比(0.93~1.74)等,表明准噶尔洋盆于石炭纪沿着大陆板块下部持续俯冲,洋壳板片的俯冲脱水流体交代地幔楔后增生岛弧。该套中-基性火山岩建造佐证了准噶尔洋盆闭合时限为晚石炭世(ca. 305.5±4.4 Ma),结合区域地质资料分析,提出与俯冲带有关的岩浆通过岛弧拼贴增生到大陆地壳上,进一步为准噶尔盆地基底的岛弧拼贴成因提供了新依据。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 乌伦古, 石炭系, 火山岩, 岛弧, 岩石成因

Abstract:

The Junggar Ocean is an important branch of the northern Paleo-Asian Ocean and part of its stage evolution. However, the subduction and closure time of the Junggar Ocean and the basement property of the Junggar Basin are still unclear. In this study, Carboniferous volcanic rocks including basalts, basaltic andesites, and andesites in the northeastern margin of the Junggar Basin (Wulungu area) were investigated to reveal their magmatic provenance and formation mechanism. Combined with major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotope analysis, the closure time of the Junggar Ocean during the Late Paleozoic was further clarified. Three types of basement volcanic rocks with low TiO₂ (0.60%-0.84%) and relatively high alkaline (1.18%-8.59%) contents were identified. The basalts belong to tholeiitic series while andesites to high calc-alkaline series, indicating a volcanic arc association. The low-medium ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) ratios (0.703250- 0.704559) and relatively depleted ε_Nd(t) (+4.8-+6.8) and t_DM2 (483-625 Ma) values suggested all three types formed from fractional crystallization of depleted mantle magmas, with andesites formed later than the others. Trace element and isotope tracing suggested the volcanic rocks originated from mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluid, with andesites more impacted by crustal contamination. The volcanic rocks were enriched in LILEs (Ba, Sr), Pb, Zr and Hf, and showed strong negative Nb and Ta anomalies. These characteristics are consistent with the tectonic setting of a subduction zone. The rock series showed enrichments of incompatible elements (Th, U, K) and LREE, high Ba/La ratio (30.14-208.86), low TiO₂ content (0.60%-0.84%), and low Ce/NB (8.71-12.05) and Th/Nb (0.93-1.74) ratios. These characteristics support the continuing Carboniferous Junggar Ocean subduction along the continental block, which led to island arc accretion, followed by Junggar Ocean closure in the Late Carboniferous (ca. 305.5±4.4 Ma) and subduction-related magma superposition onto the continental crust through island arc. The above results provided new basis for the understanding of basement formation in the Junggar Basin.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Wulungu, Carboniferous, volcanic rocks, island arc, petrogenesis

中图分类号:

P588.14

焦小芹, 张关龙, 牛花朋, 王圣柱, 于洪洲, 熊峥嵘, 周健, 谷文龙. 准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系火山岩形成机制:对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的新启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 385-402.

JIAO Xiaoqin, ZHANG Guanlong, NIU Huapeng, WANG Shengzhu, YU Hongzhou, XIONG Zhengrong, ZHOU Jian, GU Wenlong. Genesis of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in northeastern Junggar Basin: New insights into the Junggar Ocean closure[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 385-402.

图/表 11

图1 研究区地质简图 (a)—中国西北缘地质概况图;(b)—准噶尔盆地构造单元划分简图 (据文献[42-43]修改);(c)—乌伦古地区地质概况图。

Fig.1 Simplified geological maps of the study area. (a) Geological sketch map of northwestern China, (b) tectonic sketch map of Junggar Basin (modified after [42-43]), and (c) geological sketch map of Wulungu

图2 乌伦古地区中-基性火山岩类矿物组成特征 (a)—玄武岩,Zb2,3 964 m(+)×50;(b)—玄武岩,Zb2,3 964 m(-)×50;(c)—玄武质安山岩,Zb3,3 676 m(+)×50;(d)—安山岩,Y2,4 627.03 m(+)×50. Pl—斜长石;Aug—辉石;Hbl—角闪石;Mag—磁铁矿。

Fig.2 Compositions and structural characteristics of intermediate-basic volcanic rocks of Wulungu

表1 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩全岩主量和微量元素含量分析结果

Table 1 Results of major and trace element analysis of Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu

图3 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩分类图 (a)—火山岩TAS判别图 (边界据文献[50]);(b)—Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y判别图 (边界据文献[51]); (c)—K2O-SiO2图解 (边界据文献[52]);(d)—AFM图解 (边界据文献[53])。

Fig.3 Classification diagrams for Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu. (a) (K2O+Na2O) vs. SiO2 diagram (adapted from [50]). (b) Zr/TiO2 vs. Nb/Y diagram (adapted from [51]). (c) K2O vs. SiO2 diagram (adapted from [52]). (d) AFM diagram (adapted from [53]).

图4 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)(标准化值据文献[56]) 和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)(标准化值据文献[56])

Fig.4 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams for Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu (b). Chondrite-normalized and primitive mantle-normalized values from [56].

表2 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩Sr-Nd同位素组成分析结果

Table 2 Sr-Nd isotope compositions of Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu

样品号	岩性	Age/ Ma	w_B/10^-6		⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	±2σ	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	w_B/10^-6		¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	±2σ	(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_t	ε_Nd(t)	t_DM1/ Ma	t_DM2/ Ma
样品号	岩性	Age/ Ma	Rb	Sr	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	±2σ	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	Sm	Nd	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	±2σ	(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_t	ε_Nd(t)	t_DM1/ Ma	t_DM2/ Ma
WG-2	玄武岩	305	9.8	306	0.09	0.704 875	0.000 009	0.704 474	1.64	5.70	0.174 0	0.512 939	0.000 009	0.512 939	6.8	810	483
WG-3	玄武岩	305	6.5	235	0.08	0.704 904	0.000 007	0.704 559	1.62	5.52	0.177 4	0.512 932	0.000 003	0.512 932	6.5	916	502
WG-4	玄武质安山岩	332	88.6	480	0.53	0.706 109	0.000 010	0.703 586	4.26	18.80	0.137 0	0.512 830	0.000 003	0.512 830	6.3	637	540
WG-5	玄武质安山岩	332	73.6	506	0.42	0.705 517	0.000 006	0.703 529	4.27	19.50	0.132 4	0.512 842	0.000 007	0.512 842	6.7	578	510
WG-6	安山岩	312	48.8	360	0.39	0.706 081	0.000 009	0.704 340	3.21	16.80	0.115 5	0.512 779	0.000 004	0.512 779	6.0	577	543
WG-7	安山岩	312	66.4	265	0.72	0.707 399	0.000 009	0.704 180	4.55	21.30	0.129 1	0.512 746	0.000 004	0.512 746	4.8	729	625
WG-1	安山岩	312	244.0	244	2.90	0.716 107	0.000 007	0.703 250	6.45	31.00	0.125 8	0.512 831	0.000 005	0.512 831	6.6	554	501

图5 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩Sr-Nd同位素图解(边界据文献[58]) LC—下地壳;UC—上地壳;DM—亏损地幔。

Fig.5 εNd(t) vs. 87Sr/86Sr(i) plot for Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu (adapted from [58]). LC—lower crust; UC—upper crust; DM—depleted mantle.

图6 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩地球化学图解 (a)—87Sr/86Sr(i)-SiO2图解 (边界据文献[60]);(b)—143Nd/144Nd(t)-SiO2图解; (c)—Nb/Zr-Th/Zr图解 (边界据文献[59]);(d)—Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解 (边界据文献[71])。

Fig.6 Geochemical classification plots for Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu. (a) 87Sr/86Sr(i) vs. SiO2 (adapted from [60]). (b) 143Nd/144Nd(t) vs. SiO2. (c) Nb/Zr vs. Th/Zr (adapted from [59]);(d) Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb (adapted from [71]).

图7 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩SiO2与其他氧化物关系图解

Fig.7 Relationships between SiO2 and oxides in Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Wulungu

图8 乌伦古地区石炭系火山岩构造判别图解 (a)—TiO2-Zr图解 (边界据文献[54],陆梁隆起带火山岩据文献[10],陆东-五彩湾火山岩据文献[26]);(b)—Ce/Nb-Th/Nb图解 (边界据文献[85],陆梁隆起带火山岩据文献[10],陆东-五彩湾火山岩据文献[26]);(c)—Nb-Zr-Y图解(边界据文献[86]),A1+A2:板内碱性玄武岩,A2+C:板内拉斑玄武岩,B:E-MORB,C+D:火山弧玄武岩;(d)—Hf/3-Th-Ta图解(边界据文献[21])。

Fig.8 Tectonic discrimination diagrams for Carboniferous volcanic rocks from Wulungu. (a) TiO2 vs. Zr (adapted from [54], data partly from [10,26]). (b) Ce/Nb vs. Th/Nb (adapted from [85], data partly from [10,26]).(c) Nb-Zr-Y diagram (adapted from [86]). (A1+A2)—WPB-alkaline basalts; (A2+C)—WPB tholeiite; B—E-MORB; (C+D)—volcanic basalts. (d) Hf/3-Th-Ta diagram (adapted from [21]).

图9 乌伦古地区构造演化模式图(据文献[21]修改) (a)—泥盆纪—早石炭世阶段;(b)—早石炭世—晚石炭世阶段;(c)—晚石炭世—早二叠世阶段。

Fig.9 A model for the tectonic evolution of Wulungu (modified after [21])

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准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系火山岩形成机制:对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的新启示

Genesis of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in northeastern Junggar Basin: New insights into the Junggar Ocean closure

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