华南泥盆-石炭系界线剖面旋回地层学研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.12.1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥盆-石炭纪过渡期是地球演化过程中的一个重要阶段,发生了地球气候系统从温室向冰室转型和生物灭绝等重大事件。准确且高分辨率的年代格架是理解这些事件的基础。本文利用高分辨率磁化率作为古气候替代指标,对贵州省长顺县睦化Ⅱ剖面和大坡上剖面以及广西壮族自治区南丹县度里剖面的泥盆-石炭系界线附近深水沉积序列进行旋回地层学研究。识别出受到短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的沉积旋回厚度分别为1.092.39、0.290.73、0.180.51 m。利用轨道短偏心率进行天文校准,结果证实泥盆纪晚期短偏心率、斜率、岁差周期分别为约100、32.227.2和20.915 ka。利用大坡上剖面已知的U-Pb放射性同位素年龄和天文校准结果建立高精度浮动天文年代标尺并进行旋回地层对比。确定了泥盆-石炭系界线附近牙形类生物带和Hangenberg生物灭绝事件的持续时间,并计算出泥盆-石炭系界线年龄为(359.58±1.9) Ma。

关键词: 轨道旋回, 天文年代格架, 泥盆-石炭系界线, Hangenberg生物灭绝事件

Abstract:

The Devonian/Carboniferous transition is one of the most important intervals in Earth’s history characterized by the greenhouse-icehouse transition and mass extinction. To understand this event, an accurate and high-resolution geochronological framework is needed. In this paper, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility is used as the paleoclimate proxy to study the cyclostratigraphy of the deep-water sequences across the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary (DCB) in the Muhua II and Daposhang sections, Changshun County, Guizhou Province, and the Duli section, Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The sedimentary cycles with thicknesses of 1.09-2.39 m, 0.29-0.73 m, and 0.18-0.51 m were interpreted as short eccentricity, obliquity, and precession cycles, respectively. After astronomical calibration of short eccentricity to 100 ka, the obliquity and precession periods of late Devonian were estimated to be 27.2-32.2 ka and 15-20.9 ka, respectively. The conodont zones and Hangenberg Crisis near the DCB were constrained by the newly constructed astronomical time scale in combination with the published U-Pb radioactive isotope age. The new DCB age, constrained by high-precision cyclostratigraphic correlation among different sections, was estimated to be 359.58±1.9 Ma.

Key words: orbital cycles, Floating astronomical time scale, Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, Hangenberg Crisis

中图分类号:

李山, 吴怀春, 房强, 许俊杰, 时美楠. 华南泥盆-石炭系界线剖面旋回地层学研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 329-339.

LI Shan, WU Huaichun, FANG Qiang, XU Junjie, SHI Meinan. Cyclostratigraphy of the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary sections in South China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 329-339.

图/表 8

图1 研究剖面地质概况 (a)—晚泥盆世全球古地理图(据Ron Blakey (www2.nau.edu/rcb7修改);(b)—莱茵地块北部D/C界线标准剖面Hangenberg事件对应牙形类化石带(据Kaiser等[8]修改),Si. praesulcata = Siphonodella praesulcata,Pr. kockeli = Protognathodus kockeli,Si. sulcata = Siphonodella sulcata;(c)—贵州睦化Ⅱ剖面;(d)—贵州大坡上剖面;(e)—广西度里剖面。

Fig.1 Geological setting of the studied sections

图2 睦化Ⅱ剖面旋回地层学分析睦化Ⅱ剖面磁化率数据短偏心率信号高斯带通滤波输出(红线),带通滤波参数为(0.858 6±0.3) 旋回/m;岁差信号带通滤波输出(绿线),带通滤波参数为(4.545±1) 旋回/m。

Fig.2 Cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Muhua Ⅱ section

图3 大坡上剖面旋回地层学分析大坡上剖面磁化率数据短偏心率信号高斯带通滤波输出(红线),带通滤波参数为(0.763 9±0.2) 旋回/m;岁差信号带通滤波输出(绿线),带通滤波参数为(4.653±0.7) 旋回/m;火山灰锆石U-Pb年龄(红色五角星)据文献[27]。

Fig.3 Cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Daposhang section

图4 度里剖面旋回地层学分析度里剖面磁化率数据短偏心率信号高斯带通滤波输出(红线),0~11.38 m数据使用带通滤波参数为(0.921 1±0.2) 旋回/m,11.38~18.8 m数据使用带通滤波参数为(0.432 8±0.13) 旋回/m;磁化率数据岁差信号带通滤波输出(绿线),0~11.38 m数据使用带通滤波参数为(4.561±0.6) 旋回/m,11.38~18.8 m数据使用带通滤波参数为(2.257±0.5) 旋回/m。

Fig.4 Cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Duli section

表1 晚泥盆世地球轨道周期和比例

Table 1 Earth’s orbital period and ratio during the Late Devonian

长偏心率/ka	短偏心率/ka		斜率/ka	岁差/ka		轨道参数周期比例	文献来源
405	130	98.6	34.6	23.0	17.4	23.3∶7.5∶5.7∶2.0∶1.3∶1	Waltham等^[58]
405	130	98.6	31.6	21.1	20.3	19.9∶6.4∶4.9∶1.6∶1.0∶1	Berger等^[59]
405	130	100	34	22.1	17.8	22.7∶7.2∶5.6∶1.9∶1.2∶1	Ma等^[61]

图5 研究剖面天文校准后磁化率序列频谱分析图

Fig.5 Spectral analysis of the astronomically calibrated MS series of the studied sections

图6 华南D/C界线“浮动”天文年代标尺图(a-d)分别表示度里剖面、度里剖面D/C界线附近层段、大坡上剖面和睦化Ⅱ剖面;度里剖面、大坡上剖面和睦化Ⅱ剖面短偏心率旋回带通滤波频率分别为(0.010 274±0.002) 旋回/ka、(0.009 615 4±0.002) 旋回/ka和(0.010 34±0.003) 旋回/ka;度里剖面、大坡上剖面和睦化Ⅱ剖面岁差旋回带通滤波频率分别为(0.055 48±0.004) 旋回/ka、(0.057 69±0.005) 旋回/ka和(0.049 35±0.005) 旋回/ka;火山灰锆石U-Pb年龄(红色五角星)据文献[27];D/C界线用黑色虚线表示。

Fig.6 The floating astronomical time scale for the D/Cboundary in South China

表2 研究剖面天文校正的牙形类化石带的持续时间

Table 2 Astrochronological calibrated duration (in ka) of conodont zones of three studied sections

化石带	牙形类化石带的持续时间/ka
化石带	睦化II	大坡上	度里
Si. duplicata	54.1	30.7	10
Si. bransoni	32.1	17.6	15
Si. sulcata	41.2	38.2	23.3
Pr. kockeli	35.1	20.6	27
ckI	32.4	35.4	45.8

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