西准噶尔南部晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩成因机制及其对准噶尔洋闭合时限的约束

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.30

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 40-58.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.30

西准噶尔南部晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩成因机制及其对准噶尔洋闭合时限的约束

支倩¹^,²(), 任蕊¹, 段丰浩³, 黄家瑄², 朱钊², 张新远², 李永军²^,^*()

1.陕西省地质调查院陕西省水工环地质调查中心陕西省健康地质研究中心, 陕西西安 710068
2.长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 陕西西安 710054
3.长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2022-11-30 修回日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
通信作者: *李永军(1961—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事区域地质学及地球化学教学与科研工作。E-mail: yongjunl@chd.edu.cn
作者简介:支倩(1994—),女,博士,工程师,主要从事区域地质及地球化学研究。E-mail: qzhichd@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0292);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0324);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M710479);陕西省公益性地质调查项目(202201)

Genetic mechanism of Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in southern West Junggar and its constraints on the closure of the Junggar Ocean

ZHI Qian¹^,²(), REN Rui¹, DUAN Fenghao³, HUANG Jiaxuan², ZHU Zhao², ZHANG Xinyuan², LI Yongjun²^,^*()

1. Shaanxi Health Geological Research Center, Shaanxi Hydrogeological, Engineering and Environment Geological Survey Center, Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, China
2. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
3. School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China

Received:2022-11-30 Revised:2023-04-28 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西准噶尔地区广泛分布石炭纪岩浆岩类,了解它们的成因和形成机制可为揭示准噶尔洋盆晚古生代构造格局和发展演化以及约束古大洋闭合时限提供重要依据。本文报道了西准噶尔南部哈拉阿拉特山地区晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学以及地球化学特征。岩石学研究表明其岩性主要为安山岩、英安质安山岩、流纹英安斑岩和流纹岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明哈拉阿拉特山地区中-酸性火山岩年龄为308~305 Ma,为晚石炭世中-晚期。中-酸性火山岩均相对富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,富钠贫钾,属于低钾拉斑-中钾钙碱性系列岛弧火山岩。其中安山岩和英安质安山岩具有较高SiO₂(56.15%~66.13%)、Al₂O₃(16.03%~17.94%)、Na₂O(3.44%~5.59%)、Sr((364~576)×10^-6)含量和Na₂O/K₂O(3.20~6.40)、Sr/Y(33.5~55.6)比值,贫MgO(1.59%~2.68%)、Y((10.0~16.0)×10^-6)和Yb((1.08~1.83)×10^-6)的特征,并且具有Eu正异常(δEu=1.09~1.22),属于典型的埃达克岩,是经俯冲的洋壳板片在石榴角闪岩相发生部分熔融而成,且熔融产生的埃达克质熔体在上升过程中未与上覆地幔橄榄岩发生明显交代作用;流纹岩和流纹英安斑岩具有高的SiO₂(69.59%~75.03%)和全碱(w(Na₂O+K₂O)=7.81%~8.89%)、极低的TFe₂O₃(0.94%~1.57%)和MgO(0.12%~0.97%)含量以及弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.63~1.00)等特征,为准铝质I型流纹岩,是下地壳镁铁质岩石部分熔融的产物,很可能有少量幔源岩浆混入。综合本文数据并结合研究区大量前人已发表的岩浆岩类研究成果,认为西准噶尔南部地区在晚石炭世中晚期仍处于岛弧-弧后盆地演化体系,准噶尔洋的闭合时限可能至少推迟至早二叠世早期之后。

关键词: 岛弧火山岩, 晚石炭世, 弧-盆体系, 西准噶尔南部, 准噶尔洋

Abstract:

Carboniferous magmatic rocks are exclusively discovered in West Junggar, and investigating their petrogenesis and geodynamic mechanisms can offer crucial insights into understanding the Late Paleozoic tectonic framework, evolutionary history, and the closure of the Junggar Ocean. This study presents petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data on Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks, including andesite, dacitic andesite, rhyolitic dacite porphyry, and rhyolite in the Hala’alate Mountain of southern West Junggar, aiming to elucidate their genetic mechanisms. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of andesite and rhyolite revealed crystallization ages of 308-305 million years ago, indicating the presence of middle to late Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar. These volcanic rocks are geochemically characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, as well as depletion in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta). They exhibit high sodium content and low potassium content, falling within the low-K tholeiitic to medium-K calc-alkaline series, resembling island arc volcanic rocks.The andesite and dacitic andesite have high content of SiO₂ (56.15%-66.13%), Al₂O₃ (16.03%-17.94%), Na₂O (3.44%-5.59%), Sr (364-576)×10^-6, high Na₂O/K₂O (3.20-6.40) and Sr/Y (33.5-55.6) ratios, and also exhibit low content of MgO (1.59%-2.68%), Y (10.0-16.0)×10^-6 and Yb (1.08-1.83)×10^-6 with positive Eu anomalies (δEu=1.09-1.22), showing some features of typical adakite in arc settings, and are believed to be derived from the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust in garnet amphibolite-facies without significant interaction with the overlying mantle wedge. Rhyolitic dacite porphyry and rhyolite have high content of SiO₂ (69.59%-75.03%) and total alkali (Na₂O+K₂O: 7.81%-8.89%), and very low content of TFe₂O₃ (0.94%-1.57%) and MgO (0.12%-0.97%) with weak negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.63-1.00), indicating that they are metaluminous I-type rhyolites, and are probably originated from the partial melting of basaltic lower crust, with addition of a small amount of mantle-derived materials. The findings presented, combined with previously published research in the region, suggest that an island arc-back-arc basin evolutionary system persisted in the study area during the late Late Carboniferous. Furthermore, the closure of the Junggar Ocean in southern West Junggar likely occurred later than the early Early Permian.

Key words: island arc volcanic rocks, Late Carboniferous, arc-basin system, southern West Junggar, Junggar Ocean

中图分类号:

支倩, 任蕊, 段丰浩, 黄家瑄, 朱钊, 张新远, 李永军. 西准噶尔南部晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩成因机制及其对准噶尔洋闭合时限的约束[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 40-58.

ZHI Qian, REN Rui, DUAN Fenghao, HUANG Jiaxuan, ZHU Zhao, ZHANG Xinyuan, LI Yongjun. Genetic mechanism of Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in southern West Junggar and its constraints on the closure of the Junggar Ocean[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 40-58.

图/表 13

图1 西准噶尔南部地质图(改自文献[28])

Fig.1 Regional geological map of the southern West Junggar. Modified after [28].

图2 西准噶尔南部哈拉阿拉特山一带地质简图(改自文献[52])

Fig.2 Regional geological map of the Hala’alate Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Modified after [52].

图3 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩手标本及岩相学显微照片(正交偏光) a,b—安山岩;c,d—英安质安山岩;e,f—流纹英安斑岩;g,i—流纹岩;Pl—斜长石;Qtz—石英。

Fig.3 Hand specimen and micrograph imagines (orthogonal polarized light) of intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. a,b—Andesite; c,d—Dacitic andesite; e,f—Rhyolitic dacite porphyry; g,i—Rhyolite; Pl—Plagioclase; Qtz—Quartz.

表1 哈拉阿拉特组流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析结果

Table 1 Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic analysis of rhyolite in Hala’alate Formation

测点	同位素比值及误差						同位素年龄及误差/Ma						w_B/10^-6		Th/U
测点	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	Th	U	Th/U
01	0.052 35	0.001 10	0.352 10	0.006 95	0.048 91	0.000 53	301	26	306	5	308	3	276	351	0.79
02	0.052 01	0.001 23	0.346 65	0.007 75	0.048 45	0.000 55	286	31	302	6	305	3	112	261	0.43
03	0.054 50	0.000 97	0.363 95	0.006 05	0.048 54	0.000 49	392	20	315	5	306	3	153	465	0.33
04	0.052 34	0.001 05	0.349 39	0.006 53	0.048 51	0.000 51	300	24	304	5	305	3	175	369	0.47
05	0.052 34	0.001 14	0.351 27	0.007 19	0.048 76	0.000 53	300	27	306	5	307	3	114	280	0.41
06	0.054 32	0.000 93	0.369 57	0.005 87	0.049 40	0.000 48	384	38	319	4	311	3	216	531	0.41
07	0.051 95	0.000 90	0.347 57	0.005 58	0.048 57	0.000 47	283	39	303	4	306	3	229	631	0.36
08	0.051 61	0.001 00	0.347 16	0.006 27	0.048 84	0.000 50	268	44	303	5	307	3	162	421	0.38
09	0.052 82	0.000 87	0.361 67	0.005 45	0.049 70	0.000 47	321	37	314	4	313	3	253	601	0.42
10	0.052 83	0.001 15	0.358 45	0.007 29	0.049 24	0.000 52	322	49	311	5	310	3	72.0	310	0.23
11	0.053 08	0.001 24	0.362 43	0.007 94	0.049 55	0.000 54	332	52	314	6	312	3	85.8	243	0.35
12	0.052 62	0.000 87	0.359 19	0.005 44	0.049 54	0.000 47	313	37	312	4	312	3	340	637	0.53
13	0.053 67	0.001 10	0.361 74	0.006 90	0.048 91	0.000 50	357	46	314	5	308	3	95.3	295	0.32
14	0.053 32	0.001 07	0.364 92	0.006 82	0.049 66	0.000 51	343	45	316	5	313	3	201	418	0.48
15	0.052 54	0.001 06	0.353 76	0.006 64	0.048 86	0.000 50	309	45	308	5	308	3	138	366	0.38
16	0.053 35	0.000 84	0.366 97	0.005 23	0.049 92	0.000 46	344	35	317	4	314	3	454	927	0.49

图4 哈拉阿拉特组流纹岩(a,b)及安山岩(c,d)锆石U-Pb年龄图(安山岩年龄数据引自文献[37])

Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb diagrams for rhyolite (a,b) and andesite (c,d) in Hala’alate Formation. Age data for andesite are from [37].

表2 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩主量和微量元素含量分析结果

Table 2 The concentrations of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation

图5 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩(Na2O+K2O)-SiO2(a)、Zr/TiO2-SiO2(b)和K2O-SiO2(c)图解(a据文献[70];b据文献[71];c据文献[72]。西准南部地区322~312 Ma埃达克质侵入岩数据引自文献[17,49,61⇓⇓-64];320~310 Ma钙碱性I型花岗岩类数据引自文献[23,65⇓⇓⇓-69];图6、图7、图9、图10数据来源同此图)

Fig.5 (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2 (a after [70]), Zr/TiO2-SiO2 (b after [71]) and K2O-SiO2(c after [72]) diagrams for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Data of 322-312 Ma adakitic intrusive rocks in southern West Junggar are from [17,49,61⇓⇓-64]. Data of 320-310 Ma calc-alkalic adakitic I-type granitoids in southern West Junggar are from [23,65⇓⇓⇓-69]. Data sources in flowing Fig.6, Fig.7, Fig.9 and Fig.10 are the same as in this figure.

图6 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图(a,c)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b,d)(标准化值据文献[73])

Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (a, c) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams (b, d) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Normalization values are from [73].

图7 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩Sr/Y-Y图解(据文献[74])

Fig.7 Sr/Y-Y discrimination diagram for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Adapted from [74].

图8 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩Dy/Yb-SiO2(a)、Sr/Y-SiO2(b)、La-SiO2(c)和La/Yb-La(d)图解(西准噶尔南部晚石炭世玄武岩数据引自文献[36,60])

Fig.8 Diagrams of Dy/Yb (a), Sr/Y (b), La (c) against SiO2 and La/Yb-La (d) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Data of Late Carboniferous basalts in southern West Junggar are from [36,60].

图9 哈拉阿拉特组埃达克岩Al2O3-SiO2(a)、Yb-SiO2(b)、K2O/Na2O-K2O(c)和Sr/Y-(La/Yb)N(d)图解(底图a-c据文献[87-88],d据文献[89])

Fig.9 Diagrams of Al2O3-SiO2 (a), Yb-SiO2 (b), K2O/Na2O-K2O (c) and Sr/Y-(La/Yb)N (d) for adakites in Hala’alate Formation. Base maps of a-c are modified after [87-88]; Base map of (d) is modified after [89].

图10 哈拉阿拉特组中-酸性火山岩Ta-Yb(a)和La/Nb-La(b)图解(a据文献[109],b据文献[110])

Fig.10 Ta-Yb (a after [109]) and La/Nb-La (b after [110]) diagrams for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation

图11 西准噶尔南部地区晚石炭世—早二叠世I型和A型花岗岩类相关图解(底图a据文献[123];数据来源见文献[23,54])

Fig.11 Diagrams for Late Carboniferous to Early Permian I- and A-type granites in the southern West Junggar. Base map of (a) modified after [123]; See [23,54] for data sources.

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西准噶尔南部晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩成因机制及其对准噶尔洋闭合时限的约束

Genetic mechanism of Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in southern West Junggar and its constraints on the closure of the Junggar Ocean

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