香港世界地质公园东平洲平洲组新发现火山岩的锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学及地质意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.87

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

香港世界地质公园东平洲平洲组由于缺乏地质年代学数据,其时代归属一直存在较大争议。在该组中段下部新发现火山岩夹层,经薄片鉴定为流纹质玻屑凝灰岩,进行锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,并在此基础上探讨其岩石成因和构造意义。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明平洲组火山岩形成于早白垩世。地球化学数据显示,流纹质玻屑凝灰岩全碱含量较高(w(Na₂O+K₂O)=5.58%~9.45%),轻稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,Eu的负异常明显;微量元素呈现Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素相对富集,高场强元素Th、U、Pb、Zr等相对富集,Sr强烈亏损,Ta、Nb相对亏损的特征。表明研究区平洲组火山岩是由大陆地壳的深熔作用形成,形成于太平洋板块俯冲引起的弧后伸展环境,是香港早白垩世火山活动最后阶段的产物,与我国东南沿海早白垩世大规模岩石圈伸展减薄和岩浆作用有关。本文的岩石地球化学和同位素年代学数据为东平洲平洲组的最新资料,为我国东南部早白垩世火山活动和构造演化提供了新的年代数据。

关键词: 平洲组火山岩, 锆石U-Pb年龄, 地球化学, 早白垩世, 香港世界地质公园

Abstract:

The age of the Pingchau Formation in Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark has been controversial due to lack of geochronological data. In this study a new volcanic interbed was discovered in the lower part of the middle section of the Pingchau Formation, and identified as rhyolitic vitric tuff by thin section analysis. To better understand the petrology and genesis of Pingchau volcanic rocks a detailed geochronology and geochemical study was conducted through zircon U-Pb dating and major and trace element analysis. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of zircons from two rock samples yielded Early Cretaceous age. These rock samples have high total alkalis (w(Na₂O+K₂O)) content (5.58%-9.45%), and show obvious light rare earth element fractionation; they are enriched in light rare earth elements and depleted in heavy rare earth elements, with appearance of Eu anomalies. The rock samples are enriched in large ionic lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Ba), high field strength elements (e.g., Th, U, Pb, Zr), extremely depleted in Sr, and relatively depleted in Ta and Nb. Combined with previous studies on Late Mesozoic volcanic belt in southeastern China, we propose that volcanic rocks of the Pingchau Formation were likely originated from partial melting of crustal rocks in back-arc extensional setting induced by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, and formed by late-stage Early Cretaceous volcanic activity in Hong Kong in association with large-scale lithospheric extension, thinning and magmatism along the southeast coast of China. The petrogeochemical and isotopic chronology data in this paper are the latest on the Pingchau Formation, and our results provide valuable new information for better understanding Early Cretaceous volcanism and tectonic evolution in southeastern China.

Key words: Pingchau Formation, zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry, Early Cretaceous, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark

中图分类号:

P597
P595

王璐琳, 刘晓鸿, 张志光. 香港世界地质公园东平洲平洲组新发现火山岩的锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学及地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 239-258.

WANG Lulin, LIU Xiaohong, ZHANG Zhiguang. Discovery of volcanic rocks in the Pingchau Formation in Tungpingchau, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and geological implications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 239-258.

图/表 14

图1 中国东南沿海地质构造简图(据文献[32-33]修改)

Fig.1 Simplified tectonic map of southeastern China. Modified after [32-33].

图2 香港东平洲及邻近地区构造示意图(据文献[34]修改)

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of Tungpingchau, Hong Kong and adjacent area. Modified after [34].

图3 a—研究区地质简图(据文献[31]修改); b—平洲组岩性柱状图

Fig.3 (a) Geological sketch map of the study area (modified after [31]) and (b) stratigraphic profile of the Pingchau Formation

图4 平洲组火山岩野外露头、手标本及显微结构照片 (a) 流纹质玻屑凝灰岩野外露头;(b) 流纹质玻屑凝灰岩手标本图片;(c) 玻屑多呈鸡骨状和弧面棱角状;(d) Qtz—石英;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石。

Fig.4 Field outcrop (a), hand specimen (b), and thin sections (c, d) of rhyolitic vitric tuff from the key bed of the Pingchau Formation

图5 东平洲西岸平洲组中段下部标志层实测剖面图

Fig.5 Cross-section of the edge of the key bed at Lunglokshui on the western coast of Tungpingchau

表1 平洲组火山岩主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素含量及相关参数

Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth element contents in volcanic rock samples from the Pingchau Formation

图6 平洲组火山岩全碱-硅(TAS)图解(a)(底图据文献[44])和SiO2-K2O图解(b)(底图据文献[45])

Fig.6 (a) Geochemical classification diagram (adapted from [44]) and (b) plot of (Na2O+K2O) vs. SiO2 (adapted from [45]) for rhyolitic vitric tuff samples from the Pingchau Formation

图7 (a) 平洲组火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线(球粒陨石标准值引自文献[46]); (b) 平洲组火山岩微量元素正常型中洋脊玄武岩标准化配分曲线(正常型中洋脊玄武岩标准值引自文献[48])

Fig.7 (a) Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (modified from [46]), and (b) N-MORB-normalized spidergram (modified from [48]) for rhyolitic vitric tuff of the Pingchau Formation

图8 流纹质玻屑凝灰岩样品(PC1)锆石颗粒CL图像、测点位置及年龄(a)锆石U-Pb谐和曲线(b)和加权平均图解(c)

Fig.8 (a) CL images, (b) concordia plots of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages, and (c) weighted mean age plot for the rhyolitic vitric tuff sample PC1 from the Pingchau Formation

图9 流纹质玻屑凝灰岩样品(PC9)锆石颗粒CL图像、测点位置及年龄(a)锆石U-Pb谐和曲线(b)和加权平均图解(c)

Fig.9 (a) CL images, (b) concordia plot of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages, and (c) weighted mean age plot for rhyolitic vitric tuff sample PC9 from the Pingchau Formation

表2 平洲组火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb分析结果

Table 2 LA-MC-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data for samples PC1 and PC9

表3 香港地区和深圳大鹏半岛中侏罗世到早白垩世火山活动相关性概要表

Table 3 Chronological association between Pingchhao volcanic rocks and Middle-Jurassic to Early-Cretaceous volcanic activities in Hong Kong and Dapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen

表4 香港滘西洲火山岩群及平洲组新发现火山岩的岩石学特征

Table 4 Field and petrographic characteristic of the newly discovered volcanic rocks from the Pingchau Formation and Kausaichau Volcanic Group

特征	滘西洲火山岩群(141 Ma)^[4,11]		平洲组火山岩 ((140.3±0.8) Ma,(139.3±0.9) Ma)
特征	粮船湾凝灰岩	清水湾熔岩或凝灰岩		流纹质玻屑凝灰岩
颜色	粉灰色	蓝灰色或黑色	灰色或浅灰色
结构	含晶屑细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩	斑状熔岩和细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩	细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩
成分	高硅流纹岩(SiO₂含量>75%)	粗面英安岩或高硅流纹岩(SiO₂含量为64%~77%)	高硅流纹岩(平均SiO₂含量为74.44%)
斑晶	石英、奥长石、正长石、条纹长石、透长石和云母(约20%)	钠长石、透长石、微纹长石、正长石、石英(<8%)	长石、石英
岩屑	很少	很少	很少
玻璃质	很少	常见	常见
构造	无熔结或强熔结	流纹状熔结或强熔结	流纹状或块状

图10 平洲组火山岩成因和构造环境的模式图(据文献[85]修改)

Fig.10 Genetic model and tectonic environment of the Pingchau volcanic rocks. Modified after [85].

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