安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区古元古代花岗岩岩石成因:Columbia超大陆聚合的响应

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.15

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 237-257.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.15

• 非主题来稿选登：岩石成因与成矿关系 • 上一篇下一篇

安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区古元古代花岗岩岩石成因:Columbia超大陆聚合的响应

刘伟¹^,²(), 张洪瑞³^,^*(), 罗迪柯³, 贾鹏飞³, 靳立杰¹^,², 周永刚¹, 梁云汉¹, 王子圣¹, 李春稼¹

1.山东省第一地质矿产勘查院, 山东济南 250014
2.富铁矿勘查开发技术山东省工程研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.中信建设有限责任公司, 北京 100027

收稿日期:2023-06-25 修回日期:2024-01-16 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-10
通信作者: * 张洪瑞(1982—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事非洲地质调查及矿产勘查工作。E-mail: zhanghr@citic.com
作者简介:刘伟(1989—),男,高级工程师,主要从事区域地质调查与矿产勘查工作。E-mail: 534681467@qq.com
基金资助:
安哥拉国家地质调查计划项目(PLANAGEO)

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola block: Geological response to the assembly of Columbia Supercontinent

LIU Wei¹^,²(), ZHANG Hongrui³^,^*(), LUO Dike³, JIA Pengfei³, JIN Lijie¹^,², ZHOU Yonggang¹, LIANG Yunhan¹, WANG Zisheng¹, LI Chunjia¹

1. No.1 Geological Team of Shandong Provincial Bereau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jinan 250014, China
2. Shandong Engineering Research Center of High-grade Iron Deposits Exploration and Exploitation, Jinan 250014, China
3. Citic Construction Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China

Received:2023-06-25 Revised:2024-01-16 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安哥拉西部地区广泛发育古元古代Eburnean造山期花岗岩,是研究安哥拉地块构造岩浆作用特征的理想场所。本文对安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区大面积出露的花岗岩开展系统的岩相学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示:Dondo地区斑状黑云母二长花岗岩与黑云母二长花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为(1 983.3±7.7) Ma和(1 956.6±7.5) Ma,均为古元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。全岩样品具有高SiO₂含量、富碱、高10⁴Ga/Al值、高FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量,低MgO、TiO₂、CaO和P₂O₅含量的特征;微量元素富集Rb、K、Th、U、Zr和Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P和Ti;稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,整体不具有显著的负Eu异常;锆饱和温度计算所有花岗岩的结晶温度为757~889 ℃;以上这些岩石地球化学特征与A2型花岗岩一致。岩相学及地球化学的数据表明,两种花岗岩可能由来源于下地壳物质与地幔来源基性岩浆混合所形成。两种花岗岩具有相似的形成时代、矿物组成和连续的主微量元素变化趋势,这些特征表明它们的原始岩浆来自同一岩浆房,而二者之间特征的差别是由岩浆房内的晶体-熔体分异所主导。据此,本文认为:产生钾长石斑晶的岩浆曾经在地壳深部作过长时间滞留,导致钾长石稳定结晶,增加了岩浆的黏度和密度,使岩浆处于冻结状态;随后在幔源岩浆注入带来的热扰动和富集挥发分的作用下,冻结岩浆房迅速活化,从而发生晶体-熔体的分离,抽离的熔体形成了黑云母二长花岗岩,而混有先存晶体的岩浆则形成了斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。综合区域和全球构造演化历史,本次研究认为Dondo地区花岗岩形成于巴西São Francisco克拉通和Congo克拉通后碰撞的构造环境,该期岩浆活动可能是Columbia超大陆的碰撞造山事件在安哥拉地块的响应。

关键词: 安哥拉地块, 古元古代, 岩石成因, A型花岗岩, 冻结岩浆房活化, Columbia超大陆

Abstract:

The Paleoproterozoic Eburnean orogenic granites are widely exposed in the western part of Angola, offering an ideal setting to study the magmatism and tectonic evolution of the Angola Block. This paper presents systematic studies of petrology, petrogeochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology on the exposed granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola Block. The results indicate that the emplacement ages of porphyritic biotite monzonite granite and biotite monzonite granite in the Dondo area are 1983.3±7.7 Ma and 1956.6±7.5 Ma, respectively, both products of middle Paleoproterozoic magmatic activity. The whole-rock samples are characterized by high SiO₂, ALK, 10000Ga/Al, FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO), and Zr+Y+Nb+Ce, and low MgO, TiO₂, CaO, and P₂O₅. Trace elements are enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, Zr, and Hf, and depleted in Sr, Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. All samples are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE, with no significant negative Eu anomaly. The crystallization temperature, calculated using zircon saturation thermometry, ranges from 757 to 889 ℃. Based on these geochemical characteristics, the granites in the Dondo area are classified as A2-type granite. Mineralogical and geochemical features suggest that the porphyritic biotite monzonite granite and biotite monzonite granite were generated by the mixing of crust-derived melts and mantle-derived mafic magma. The similar formation ages within analytical error, identical mineral assemblages, and consistent variations in major and trace elemental compositions indicate that their parental magma originated from a common magma chamber, with lithological differences resulting from melt extraction processes. It is proposed that the magma producing the potassium feldspar porphyry resided in the deep crust for an extended period, leading to stable crystallization of potassium feldspar, increased viscosity and density, and a frozen state of the magma. Subsequent thermal disturbance and volatile enrichment from mantle-derived magma injection rapidly reactivated the frozen magma chamber, resulting in crystal-melt separation. The extracted melt formed biotite monzonite granite, while magma mixed with pre-existing crystals formed porphyritic biotite monzonite granite. Combining regional and global tectonic evolution, it is suggested that the granites from the Dondo area formed in a post-collision tectonic environment between the São Francisco Craton and the Congo Craton. The Paleoproterozoic magmatic events in the Angola Block are likely responses to the Columbia Supercontinent assembly.

Key words: Angola Block, Paleoproterozoic, petrogenesis, A-type granites, remobilizing mechanism of frozen magma chambers, Columbia Supercontinent

中图分类号:

刘伟, 张洪瑞, 罗迪柯, 贾鹏飞, 靳立杰, 周永刚, 梁云汉, 王子圣, 李春稼. 安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区古元古代花岗岩岩石成因:Columbia超大陆聚合的响应[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(4): 237-257.

LIU Wei, ZHANG Hongrui, LUO Dike, JIA Pengfei, JIN Lijie, ZHOU Yonggang, LIANG Yunhan, WANG Zisheng, LI Chunjia. Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola block: Geological response to the assembly of Columbia Supercontinent[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 237-257.

图/表 13

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样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂			Al₂O₃		Fe₂O	FeO	MnO		MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	69.78	0.573			14.44		3.07	1.27	0.072		0.609	1.63	3.57	5.44
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	67.25	0.673			15.46		3.3	1.28	0.112		0.709	1.74	4.07	5.68
C33I-5-GS10		71.77	0.413			13.98		2.41	1.05	0.074		0.538	1.25	3.67	5.3
C33I-5-GS11		63.53	0.773			16.5		4.37	2.31	0.07		0.877	2.52	2.62	7.35
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	75.57	0.108			12.85		0.873	0.63	0.022		0.14	0.491	3.32	5.64
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	71.04	0.481			13.56		3.19	1.39	0.039		0.494	0.993	2.75	5.84
C33J-3-GS1		74.97	0.161			13.02		1.67	0.7	0.015		0.128	0.578	3.41	5.31
样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%								A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
样品编号	岩性	K₂O+Na₂O	P₂O₅		H₂O⁺			LOI	Total	A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	9.01	0.257		<0.10			0.46	99.9	1.23	0.98		1.52	0.83	877
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	9.75	0.36		<0.10			0.54	99.89	1.2	0.96		1.4	0.81	889
C33I-5-GS10		8.97	0.163		<0.10			0.43	99.99	1.19	1		1.45	0.81	835
C33I-5-GS11		9.98	0.236		0.55			1.07	99.92	1.34	0.98		2.81	0.83	874
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	8.96	0.04		0.3			0.85	99.9	1.11	1.03		1.7	0.86	757
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	8.59	0.155		0.59			1.4	99.95	1.25	1.07		2.12	0.86	862
C33J-3-GS1		8.72	0.03		0.22			0.61	99.9	1.15	1.05		1.56	0.99	790
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Rb	Ba			Th		U	Nb	Ta		Sr	Sc	V	Cr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	145	1945			10.6		1.73	28.4	1.3		255	9.29	40.3	126
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	171	1099			12.6		2.83	37	2.61		188	6.49	22.7	197
C33I-5-GS10		141	2531			10.9		1.33	35.8	1.96		400	13.8	20.5	190
C33I-5-GS11		135	1834			7.05		0.738	39.8	2.66		339	7.14	18.7	184
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	92.1	262			4.49		1.2	7.2	0.406		66	2.18	5.45	218
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	190	1146			35.3		2.56	21.7	1.11		163	7.35	20.4	168
C33J-3-GS1		195	750			24.7		3.78	16.8	1.13		74.6	4.5	5.36	270
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Co	Ni			Ga		Cs	Pb	Zr		Hf	La	Ce	Pr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	6.49	8.82			24.3		0.402	25.4	520.1		16.6	100	188	20.2
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	2.52	5.64			21.3		1.12	39.9	295.7		9.82	106	197	20.3
C33I-5-GS10		3.23	6.61			25		0.406	42.7	578.1		21.3	202	423	47.1
C33I-5-GS11		3.01	7.01			21.9		0.21	35.3	473.5		18.5	141	274	34.6
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.62	3.67			19.4		0.551	32.8	110		3.84	28.6	51.7	6.07
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	3.76	5.25			20.7		1.5	30.9	351		9.49	100	346	23.2
C33J-3-GS1		1.05	20.6			16		1.31	23.4	160.4		5.74	69.9	129	14.5
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Nd	Sm			Eu		Gd	Tb	Dy		Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	74.4	12.1			4.38		11.5	1.83	8.42		1.51	5.8	0.644	4.12
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	74.4	11.8			3.11		12	1.93	9.27		1.75	6.73	0.899	5.77
C33I-5-GS10		184	29.5			8.45		27.1	4.34	20.5		3.79	13.9	1.7	10.9
C33I-5-GS11		137	24			6.04		20.2	3.73	18.9		3.73	12.9	1.78	11.2
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	21.1	3.37			0.745		3	0.453	2.23		0.379	1.42	0.184	1.3
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	76.8	11.9			2.63		11.7	1.64	7.33		1.22	4.56	0.542	3.42
C33J-3-GS1		57	8.36			0.869		7.52	1.22	6.05		1.18	3.53	0.562	3.67
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6								LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	∑REE			LREE		HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	0.599	38.8	433.5			399.08		34.42	11.59		1.12	17.41	21.85	5.11
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	0.843	49.7	451.8			412.61		39.19	10.53		0.79	13.18	14.18	4.62
C33I-5-GS10		1.66	116	977.94			894.05		83.89	10.66		0.9	13.29	18.27	3.94
C33I-5-GS11		1.55	113	690.63			616.64		73.99	8.33		0.82	9.03	14.96	3.39
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.224	10	120.78			111.59		9.19	12.14		0.7	15.78	17.73	12.79
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	0.476	26.4	591.42			560.53		30.89	18.15		0.67	20.97	19.55	8.76
C33J-3-GS1		0.522	34.2	303.88			279.63		24.25	11.53		0.33	13.66	14.87	11.61

样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂			Al₂O₃		Fe₂O	FeO	MnO		MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	69.78	0.573			14.44		3.07	1.27	0.072		0.609	1.63	3.57	5.44
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	67.25	0.673			15.46		3.3	1.28	0.112		0.709	1.74	4.07	5.68
C33I-5-GS10		71.77	0.413			13.98		2.41	1.05	0.074		0.538	1.25	3.67	5.3
C33I-5-GS11		63.53	0.773			16.5		4.37	2.31	0.07		0.877	2.52	2.62	7.35
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	75.57	0.108			12.85		0.873	0.63	0.022		0.14	0.491	3.32	5.64
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	71.04	0.481			13.56		3.19	1.39	0.039		0.494	0.993	2.75	5.84
C33J-3-GS1		74.97	0.161			13.02		1.67	0.7	0.015		0.128	0.578	3.41	5.31
样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%								A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
样品编号	岩性	K₂O+Na₂O	P₂O₅		H₂O⁺			LOI	Total	A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	9.01	0.257		<0.10			0.46	99.9	1.23	0.98		1.52	0.83	877
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	9.75	0.36		<0.10			0.54	99.89	1.2	0.96		1.4	0.81	889
C33I-5-GS10		8.97	0.163		<0.10			0.43	99.99	1.19	1		1.45	0.81	835
C33I-5-GS11		9.98	0.236		0.55			1.07	99.92	1.34	0.98		2.81	0.83	874
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	8.96	0.04		0.3			0.85	99.9	1.11	1.03		1.7	0.86	757
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	8.59	0.155		0.59			1.4	99.95	1.25	1.07		2.12	0.86	862
C33J-3-GS1		8.72	0.03		0.22			0.61	99.9	1.15	1.05		1.56	0.99	790
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Rb	Ba			Th		U	Nb	Ta		Sr	Sc	V	Cr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	145	1945			10.6		1.73	28.4	1.3		255	9.29	40.3	126
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	171	1099			12.6		2.83	37	2.61		188	6.49	22.7	197
C33I-5-GS10		141	2531			10.9		1.33	35.8	1.96		400	13.8	20.5	190
C33I-5-GS11		135	1834			7.05		0.738	39.8	2.66		339	7.14	18.7	184
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	92.1	262			4.49		1.2	7.2	0.406		66	2.18	5.45	218
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	190	1146			35.3		2.56	21.7	1.11		163	7.35	20.4	168
C33J-3-GS1		195	750			24.7		3.78	16.8	1.13		74.6	4.5	5.36	270
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Co	Ni			Ga		Cs	Pb	Zr		Hf	La	Ce	Pr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	6.49	8.82			24.3		0.402	25.4	520.1		16.6	100	188	20.2
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	2.52	5.64			21.3		1.12	39.9	295.7		9.82	106	197	20.3
C33I-5-GS10		3.23	6.61			25		0.406	42.7	578.1		21.3	202	423	47.1
C33I-5-GS11		3.01	7.01			21.9		0.21	35.3	473.5		18.5	141	274	34.6
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.62	3.67			19.4		0.551	32.8	110		3.84	28.6	51.7	6.07
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	3.76	5.25			20.7		1.5	30.9	351		9.49	100	346	23.2
C33J-3-GS1		1.05	20.6			16		1.31	23.4	160.4		5.74	69.9	129	14.5
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Nd	Sm			Eu		Gd	Tb	Dy		Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	74.4	12.1			4.38		11.5	1.83	8.42		1.51	5.8	0.644	4.12
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	74.4	11.8			3.11		12	1.93	9.27		1.75	6.73	0.899	5.77
C33I-5-GS10		184	29.5			8.45		27.1	4.34	20.5		3.79	13.9	1.7	10.9
C33I-5-GS11		137	24			6.04		20.2	3.73	18.9		3.73	12.9	1.78	11.2
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	21.1	3.37			0.745		3	0.453	2.23		0.379	1.42	0.184	1.3
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	76.8	11.9			2.63		11.7	1.64	7.33		1.22	4.56	0.542	3.42
C33J-3-GS1		57	8.36			0.869		7.52	1.22	6.05		1.18	3.53	0.562	3.67
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6								LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	∑REE			LREE		HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	0.599	38.8	433.5			399.08		34.42	11.59		1.12	17.41	21.85	5.11
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	0.843	49.7	451.8			412.61		39.19	10.53		0.79	13.18	14.18	4.62
C33I-5-GS10		1.66	116	977.94			894.05		83.89	10.66		0.9	13.29	18.27	3.94
C33I-5-GS11		1.55	113	690.63			616.64		73.99	8.33		0.82	9.03	14.96	3.39
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.224	10	120.78			111.59		9.19	12.14		0.7	15.78	17.73	12.79
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	0.476	26.4	591.42			560.53		30.89	18.15		0.67	20.97	19.55	8.76
C33J-3-GS1		0.522	34.2	303.88			279.63		24.25	11.53		0.33	13.66	14.87	11.61

安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区古元古代花岗岩岩石成因:Columbia超大陆聚合的响应

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola block: Geological response to the assembly of Columbia Supercontinent

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