地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 95-110.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.41
收稿日期:
2023-12-25
修回日期:
2024-01-08
出版日期:
2024-01-25
发布日期:
2024-01-25
作者简介:
魏春景(1962—),男,教授,主要从事岩石学研究。E-mail: cjwei@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
WEI Chunjing1(), ZHAO Yanan1, CHU Hang2
Received:
2023-12-25
Revised:
2024-01-08
Online:
2024-01-25
Published:
2024-01-25
摘要:
冀北红旗营杂岩记录了从古元古代到早中生代多期构造-热事件,并可能存在支持古元古代洋壳俯冲的关键证据,但是对其形成时代、变质演化历史和大地构造属性等众说纷纭。本文以总结红旗营杂岩变质作用和年代学研究为基础,探讨其复杂的多期构造演化过程。红旗营杂岩包括表壳岩、赤城混杂岩和正片麻岩三个岩石-构造单元。正片麻岩以古元古代(1.87~1.82 Ga)花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩为主, 出现少量新太古代(2.55~2.53 Ga)英云闪长质-花岗闪长质片麻岩。赤城混杂岩为典型蛇绿混杂岩,由退变榴辉岩(斜长角闪岩)和橄榄岩块体以及变质沉积岩组成,形成时代可能>1.88 Ga。表壳岩主要包括不同变质程度的碳质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩和少量火山岩,可能形成于2.1~2.0 Ga。综合分析赤城混杂岩中的退变榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩和凤山地区含十字石石榴云母片岩的变质作用演化,可划分出5期变质作用。第一期变质作用(M1)存在于凤山地区的云母片岩中,为中压型,顺时针型p-T轨迹,峰期变质条件为1.0~1.1 GPa/> 780 ℃,变质时间为约1.95 Ga。第二期变质作用(M2)见于退变榴辉岩中,顺时针型p-T轨迹,包括升温升压至峰期和峰后等温降压演化阶段,峰期p-T条件为>2.2 GPa/约750 ℃,地热梯度约为9 ℃/km。尽管退变榴辉岩中多数锆石限定晚古生代变质年龄,但榴辉岩相变质作用时间应>1.88 Ga。第三期变质作用(M3)出现于凤山地区的云母片岩中,以含十字石组合叠加在M1高级变质组合为特征,顺时针型p-T轨迹,峰期变质条件为0.6~0.7 GPa/610~630 ℃,变质年龄约为1.88 Ga。第四期变质作用(M4)出现于赤城混杂岩的斜长角闪岩中,由早期榴辉岩组合叠加变质形成,显示“大于号”形p-T轨迹,包括峰前减压升温和峰期后减压冷却变质过程,峰期p-T条件为0.5~0.7 GPa/780~830 ℃,地热梯度约为35 ℃/km(低压型),变质时间为晚古生代(354~289 Ma),并伴随广泛深熔作用。第五期变质作用(M5)以局部叠加绿片岩相组合为特征,为顺时针型p-T轨迹,推测变质作用时间为255~234 Ma。M1中压型变质作用与在华北克拉通西部2.0~1.95 Ga发生的碰撞造山事件有关;M2高压型变质作用与沿华北克拉通北缘1.95~1.88 Ga期间发生的洋壳俯冲有关,是支持现在样式板块构造启动的有力证据之一;M3中压型变质作用指示在华北克拉通北缘于1.88~1.83 Ga期间发生的另一次碰撞造山事件;M4低压型变质作用为晚古生代华北克拉通北缘区域伸展所致;M5低温型变质作用与沿索伦缝合带发生的碰撞闭合事件有关。可见,红旗营杂岩5期变质作用记录了古元古代碰撞-俯冲-碰撞、晚古生代伸展和早中生代挤压的复杂构造过程。红旗营杂岩在经历古元古代俯冲-碰撞事件之后位于不同地壳深度。西部红旗营表壳岩和赤城混杂岩位于中-下地壳层次,其中锆石记录了1.72~1.66 Ga、约450 Ma、354~289 Ma和255~234 Ma等多期热事件;而东部凤山地区表壳岩则位于中-上地壳,缺少后期热事件的锆石和独居石年龄记录。
中图分类号:
魏春景, 赵亚男, 初航. 冀北红旗营杂岩多期变质作用:古元古代俯冲/碰撞—晚古生代伸展—早中生代挤压的记录[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 95-110.
WEI Chunjing, ZHAO Yanan, CHU Hang. Multi-phase metamorphism in the Hongqiying Complex, northern Hebei: Records of Paleoproterozoic subduction/collision, late Paleozoic extension and early Mesozoic compression events[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 95-110.
图1 华北克拉通早前寒武纪四种大地构造模式(A-D)及华北克拉通北缘中段地质简图(E) (A据文献[1-2];B据文献[3⇓-5];C据文献[7-8]; D据文献[9];E据文献[10]修改)
Fig.1 Four early Precambrian tectonic models of the NCC (A-D) and geological map of the middle northern margin of the NCC (E). A adapted from [1-2], B from [3⇓-5], C from [7-8], D from [9]; E modified from [10].
图2 红旗营杂岩地质图(A)及赤城混杂岩地质图(B)(A据文献[26];B据文献[25])
Fig.2 Geological maps of the Hongqiying Complex (A, adapted from [26]) and Chicheng mélange (B, adapted from [25])
图3 红旗营杂岩5期变质作用p-T轨迹与变质时代(变质相和亚相分布据文献[40]修改) 蓝片岩相:LBS(硬柱石蓝片岩亚相)和EBS(绿帘石蓝片岩亚相);榴辉岩相:LEC(硬柱石榴辉岩亚相)、EEC(绿帘石榴辉岩亚相)和DEC(干榴辉岩亚相);角闪岩相:EAM(绿帘角闪岩亚相)、LAM(低角闪岩亚相)和HAM(高角闪岩亚相);麻粒岩相:PGR(二辉麻粒岩亚相)和HGR(高压麻粒岩亚相);GAS代表石榴角闪片岩亚相。图中变质反应是利用THERMOCALC程序计算的,矿物代号引自文献[41]。
Fig.3 p-T paths and five phases of metamorphism in the Hongqiying Complex. Modified from [40].
图4 凤山地区含十字石榴云母片岩的显微结构(引自文献[26]) A—原地分凝熔体结晶形成的微粒长英质集合体(Pl+Kfs+Qz即斜长石+钾长石+石英组合); B—破碎的石榴石(Grt)变斑晶发育不对称的压力影,指示左行剪切,Ms为白云母;C—岩石发育两组面理,其中主面理(S2)被另一组面理(S3)切割,Bt为黑云母;D—自形十字石晶体(St)与主面理平行分布,存在两种白云母:Ms1为0.1~1 mm 长的鳞片状,Ms2为微粒集合体。矿物代号引自文献[41] 。
Fig.4 Microstructures of a staurolite-bearing garnet mica schist in the Fengshan area. Adapted from [26].
图5 红旗营子杂岩及相关深成岩体年龄统计图(资料引自文献[21,23,25⇓-27,30-31,34⇓-36,44])
Fig.5 Summary of zircon ages of the Hongqiying Complex and relevant intrusions (Data from [21,23,25⇓-27,30-31,34⇓-36,44])
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