内蒙古大青山-盘羊山晚中生代-早新生代构造事件及其对华北北缘构造演化的启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.10.11

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 127-141.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.10.11

• 华北克拉通演化及其效应 • 上一篇下一篇

内蒙古大青山-盘羊山晚中生代-早新生代构造事件及其对华北北缘构造演化的启示

张进江¹(), 郑剑磊¹, 王海滨¹, 郭磊², 刘江³, 戚国伟⁴

1.北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
2.中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
3.中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710119
4.北京大学深圳研究生院, 广东深圳 518055

收稿日期:2023-09-06 修回日期:2023-10-10 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-01-25
作者简介:张进江(1964—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事构造地质学和构造演化研究。E-mail: zhjj@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
科学技术部国家重点研发计划项目(2021YF0716000);中国石油天然气集团有限公司-北京大学基础研究项目

Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic tectonic events in Daqingshan and Panyangshan, Inner Mongolia, and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the North China Craton

ZHANG Jinjiang¹(), ZHENG Jianlei¹, WANG Haibin¹, GUO Lei², LIU Jiang³, QI Guowei⁴

1. MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3. Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, China
4. Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China

Received:2023-09-06 Revised:2023-10-10 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-01-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古大青山和盘羊山位于华北克拉通北缘,其复杂的地质构造对华北克拉通北部中—新生代构造演化具有重要的指示作用。大青山以北的盘羊山逆冲体系,形成于晚二叠世至早三叠世古亚洲洋的闭合,晚侏罗世可能受蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合的影响而重新活动。大青山地区发育4期中—新生代变形构造,从老至新依次是:SE-NW向伸展形成的呼和浩特变质核杂岩、NW向逆冲的大青山逆冲体系、以不变形花岗岩为核心的构造穹窿、大青山山前断裂及高角度正断层。发生于约142~132 Ma的SE-NW向伸展,形成于造山增厚地壳的重力垮塌,并形成呼和浩特变质核杂岩和相关的拆离体系。大青山逆冲体系形成于约130~120 Ma,代表造山过程中地壳荷载与板块汇聚的抗衡导致的构造反转,另一可能是古太平洋俯冲的远程效应。自约120 Ma以来,大青山处于一个构造-热松弛期,导致该区约120~90 Ma的冷却事件被广泛记录,并形成以不变形花岗岩(约114 Ma)为核心的穹窿构造;这些事件可能与华北克拉通的峰期破坏相关。大青山山前断裂和相关的高角度正断层开始于始新世,可能是印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和太平洋板块运动方向改变的远程效应所致。古亚洲洋和蒙古-鄂霍次克洋的闭合导致华北克拉通北缘地壳增厚,引发早白垩世造山晚期的垮塌和伸展,形成呼和浩特变质核杂岩。自120 Ma开始,大青山开始受华北克拉通破坏的影响,并形成后造山伸展。新生代,大青山受新特提斯和太平洋构造域的远程影响。

关键词: 中生代, 新生代, 逆冲, 变质核杂岩(MCC), 构造转换, 大青山, 华北克拉通北缘

Abstract:

The Daqingshan and Panyangshan in Inner Mongolia are located in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), and their complex geological structures can provide a constraint on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northern NCC. To the north of Daqingshan is the Panyangshan thrust system, which formed originally in the Late Permian-Early Triassic by the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and reactivated in the Late Jurassic possibly by the termination of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation of Daqingshan passed through four successive stages: the Hohhot metamorphic core complex (MCC) with SE-NW extension; the NW-ward Daqingshan thrust system; domes cored by undeformed granites; and the Daqingshan Front Fault and high-angle normal faults. The SE-NW extension took place from ca. 142 to 132 Ma and formed the Hohhot MCC and the related detachment system. This extension possibly resulted from gravitational collapse of the thickened crust caused by the Panyangshan thrusting. The Daqingshan thrust system formed between ca. 130-120 Ma, indicating a tectonic inversion from competition between plate convergence and crustal load as extension progressed. Another possible cause for the inversion is remote effect of Paleo-Pacific subduction. Since ca. 120 Ma Daqingshan has been in a tectonic-thermal relaxation regime represented by domes cored by undeformed granites of ca. 114 Ma and cooling events of ca. 120-90 Ma. These events might be related to the peak destruction of the NCC. The activation of the Daqingshan Front Fault and high-angle normal faults since the Eocene may be caused by remote effect of the India-Asia collision and change in the Pacific Plate movement. The closure of the Paleo-Asian and Mongolia-Okhotsk Oceans caused crustal thickening along the northern margin of the NCC, giving rise to the Early Cretaceous collapse, extension, and formation of the MCCs. The destruction of the NCC began to impact Daqingshan since 120 Ma, while in the Cenozoic the Neo-Tethys and Pacific realms remotely controlled the tectonic regime of Daqingshan.

Key words: Mesozoic, Cenozoic, thrust, metamorphic core complex (MCC), tectonic inversion, Daqingshan mountain, northern margin of the North China Craton

中图分类号:

P542

张进江, 郑剑磊, 王海滨, 郭磊, 刘江, 戚国伟. 内蒙古大青山-盘羊山晚中生代-早新生代构造事件及其对华北北缘构造演化的启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 127-141.

ZHANG Jinjiang, ZHENG Jianlei, WANG Haibin, GUO Lei, LIU Jiang, QI Guowei. Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic tectonic events in Daqingshan and Panyangshan, Inner Mongolia, and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the North China Craton[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 127-141.

图/表 10

图1 研究区构造位置(a修改自文献[5])、地质图(b)和综合剖面图(c)

Fig.1 Tectonic location (a, after [5]), geological map (b), and geological cross-section (c) of the study area

图2 研究区构造简图 PST—盘羊山逆冲系;DST-HT—大青山逆冲体系;DSDF—大青山拆离断层;LNF—柳卜泉正断层;DFF—大青山山前断裂。

Fig.2 Main tectonic features of the study area

图3 盘羊山逆冲体系及柳卜泉正断层剖面(位置见图1b)

Fig.3 Cross-section of the Panyang Shan thrust system and Liubuquan normal fault (See Fig.1b for the location)

图4 盘羊山逆冲体系乌兰合雅剖面图(位置见图1b)

Fig.4 Cross-section of the Panyangshan thrust system in Wulanheya (location see Fig.1b)

图5 研究区典型构造照片 a—盘羊山逆冲体系前缘由糜棱状大理岩形成的飞来峰,下盘为上古生界沉积岩;b—大青山拆离断层(DSDF);c—小井地区的乌素图—苏乐图逆冲断层(WT);d—大青山逆冲断层(DST)的飞来峰构造;e—呼和浩特变质核杂岩中的糜棱状花岗岩;f—侵位于糜棱状花岗岩中的未变形花岗岩;g—切割大青山拆离断层的高角度正断层;h—柳卜泉正断层及其与盘羊山逆冲断层的关系。

Fig.5 Field photos showing typical structural features of the Daqingshan and Panyangshan mountains

图6 呼和浩特MCC韧性剪切带形成模式(XJSZ:小井剪切带;DSSZ:得胜营剪切带) a—初始伸展形成的南倾拆离断层及糜棱岩前锋;b—由岩浆侵位和均衡作用引起的MCC隆升;c—持续伸展在变质核杂岩南侧形成拆离断层新分支(DSDF),在北侧形成新的正断层(LNF);d—后期大青山逆冲对变质核杂岩的改造。

Fig.6 A model for the formation of the shear zones related to the Hohhot MCC. XJSZ: Xiaojing Shear Zone; DSSZ: Deshengying Shear Zone.

图7 呼和浩特变质核杂岩内以花岗岩为核心的穹窿构造图中年龄:红色数字为U-Pb年龄,黑色数字为40Ar/39Ar年龄;年龄中的缩写:bt—黑云母;hbl—角闪石;ms—白云母;图中断层及岩石单元符号与图1相同。

Fig.7 Geological map of domes cored by granite in the Hohhot MCC

图8 大青山逆冲断层(DST)与大青山拆离断层(DSDF)的关系(位置见图1b) a—红领巾剖面;b—金銮殿山剖面。除指示了DST与DSDF关系外,还指示高角度正断层切割了DSDF及其新生代半地堑。

Fig.8 Relationship between the Daqingshan thrust and the Daqing Shan detachment fault (locations shown in Fig.1b)

图9 盘羊山逆冲断层(PST)与柳卜泉正断层(LNF)的关系(位置见图1b)

Fig.9 Relationship between the Panyang Shan thrusts and the Liubuquan normal fault (see Fig.1b for the location)

图10 本文提出的大青山和盘羊山的构造模型(未按比例) a—蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合引起的晚侏罗世缩短-增厚;b—加厚地壳的晚造山伸展作用形成呼和浩特变质核杂岩和DSDF;c—构造反转-大青山逆冲断层对呼和浩特变质核杂岩的改造;d—进一步伸展形成的以114 Ma 花岗岩为核心的穹窿构造;e—新生代的伸展与隆升形成大青山山前断裂(DFF)及河套盆地的沉降。

Fig.10 A tectonic model for the Daqingshan and Panyangshan mountains (not scaled)

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内蒙古大青山-盘羊山晚中生代-早新生代构造事件及其对华北北缘构造演化的启示

Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic tectonic events in Daqingshan and Panyangshan, Inner Mongolia, and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the North China Craton

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