地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 77-94.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.12.21
万渝生1(), 董春艳1, 颉颃强1, 李鹏川2, 刘守偈1, 李源3, 王宇晴1, 王堃力1, 刘敦一1
收稿日期:
2023-11-06
修回日期:
2023-12-20
出版日期:
2024-01-25
发布日期:
2024-01-25
作者简介:
万渝生(1958—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事早前寒武纪地质和锆石年代学研究。E-mail: wanyusheng@bjshrimp.cn
基金资助:
WAN Yusheng1(), DONG Chunyan1, XIE Hangqiang1, LI Pengchuan2, LIU Shoujie1, LI Yuan3, WANG Yuqing1, WANG Kunli1, LIU Dunyi1
Received:
2023-11-06
Revised:
2023-12-20
Online:
2024-01-25
Published:
2024-01-25
摘要:
在对华北克拉通太古宙基底作简要介绍的基础上,本文总结了华北克拉通新太古代晚期(主要为2.55~2.5 Ga期间)岩浆岩的锆石年龄分布模式、地球化学和Nd-Hf-O同位素组成特征。华北克拉通新太古代晚期变质基底的主要特征如下:(1)新太古代晚期岩石在华北克拉通广泛分布,但许多地区都存在中太古代晚期—新太古代早期地质记录。(2)岩浆锆石年龄主要变化于2.55~2.5 Ga,年龄峰值约为2.52 Ga。(3)与新太古代早期以前(>2.6 Ga)的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)相比,新太古代晚期英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩比例明显增大。富钾花岗岩、闪长-辉长岩(包括闪长岩、辉长岩及两者之间过渡岩石)、赞岐岩(Sanukite,主体为富镁闪长岩)分布范围和规模也明显增大。大规模富钾花岗岩主要分布于华北克拉通东部,构成新太古代晚期双岩浆岩带的富钾花岗岩带。(4)在新太古代晚期变质基底分布区,几乎都有变质表壳岩存在。它们以较小规模存在于TTG和富钾花岗岩中。岩石类型包括变玄武质岩石、变质安山质-英安质火山岩/火山碎屑岩和变质碎屑沉积岩。一些地区存在变质超基性岩。(5)总体上,新太古代晚期地质事件存在如下演化规律:首先是表壳岩形成,然后是TTG侵入,最后是变质变形和富钾花岗岩形成。2.6~2.55 Ga为华北克拉通岩浆构造的“寂静期”。(6)新太古代晚期TTG岩石的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值存在很大变化,中-高压TTG岩石大量形成表明新太古代晚期陆壳规模、厚度发生了明显增大。至少部分富钾花岗岩在形成过程中有沉积物参与。(7)不同类型TTG岩石具有类似的全岩Nd同位素和岩浆锆石Hf同位素组成,Nd-Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄主要分布在3.0~2.5 Ga,与中太古代晚期—新太古代早期岩石的模式年龄相近或稍偏年轻。富钾花岗岩Nd-Hf同位素组成特征受物源区早期形成演化历史制约。岩浆锆石O同位素组成与全球太古宙岩浆锆石类似,但显示更大的变化范围。结合其他研究,上述证据表明:(1)中太古代晚期—新太古代早期是华北克拉通陆壳增生最重要时期,这与全球其他许多克拉通类似,不同之处在于华北克拉通遭受了新太古代晚期构造岩浆热事件强烈改造;(2)在华北克拉通,类似于现代板块运动的构造体制在新太古代晚期开始启动;(3)规模最大的BIF(条带状铁建造)沿华北克拉通东部古老陆块西缘的双岩浆岩带分布,鞍本和冀东之间、冀东和鲁西之间是BIF找矿重要靶区;(4)华北克拉通在新太古代晚期完成初始克拉通化。
中图分类号:
万渝生, 董春艳, 颉颃强, 李鹏川, 刘守偈, 李源, 王宇晴, 王堃力, 刘敦一. 华北克拉通新太古代晚期岩浆作用:对构造体制和克拉通化的启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 77-94.
WAN Yusheng, DONG Chunyan, XIE Hangqiang, LI Pengchuan, LIU Shoujie, LI Yuan, WANG Yuqing, WANG Kunli, LIU Dunyi. Neoarchean magmatism in the North China Craton: Implication for tectonic regimes and cratonization[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 77-94.
图4 华北克拉通新太古代晚期花岗质岩石的(a)An-Ab-Or和(b)K-Na-Ca图解((a)据文献[17];(b)据文献[18]) CA代表钙碱性趋势;Td代表奥长花岗岩趋势。
Fig.4 An-Ab-Or (a, adapted from [17]) and K-Na-Ca (b, adapted from [18]) diagrams for late Neoarchean granitoids in the NCC
图6 华北克拉通新太古代晚期岩浆岩的(a)稀土模式和(b)微量元素分布图 按不同类型岩浆岩的元素含量平均值作图球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值分别来自文献[20]和[21]。
Fig.6 (a) REE and (b) trace element distribution patterns for late Neoarchean granitoids in the NCC
图7 华北克拉通新太古代晚期花岗质岩石的(a)Sr/Y-Y和(b)La/Yb-Yb图解(据文献[22])
Fig.7 (a) Sr/Y-Y and (b) La/Y-Yb diagrams for late Neoarchean granitoids in the NCC. Adapted from [22].
图11 华北克拉通新太古代晚期岩石的岩浆锆石Hf模式年龄直方图 a—一阶段模式年龄;b—二阶段模式年龄。
Fig.11 Hf model age histograms for magmatic zircons of late Neoarchean rocks in the North China Craton
图12 华北克拉通新太古代晚期岩石的Nd、Hf同位素模式年龄-年龄图 a—全岩Nd同位素一阶段模式年龄-年龄图;b—全岩Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄-年龄图;c—岩浆锆石Hf同位素一阶段模式年龄-年龄图;d—岩浆锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄-年龄图。
Fig.12 Plots of Nd (a, b) and Hf (c, d) model age vs. formation age for late Neoarchean rocks in the NCC
图13 华北克拉通新太古代晚期岩石岩浆锆石的(a)δ18O-年龄图和(b)δ18O直方图
Fig.13 (a) δ18O-age diagram and (b) histogram for δ18O for magmatic zircons from late Neoarchean rocks in the NCC
图14 华北克拉通新太古代晚期花岗质岩石Al2O3/(FeOt+MgO)-3CaO-5(K2O/Na2O)图(底图据文献[29])
Fig.14 Al2O3/(FeOt+MgO)-3CaO-5(K2O/Na2O) diagram for late Neoarchean granitoids in the NCC. Adapted from [29].
图15 华北克拉通新太古代晚期花岗质岩石的(a)Nb-Y和(b)Ta-Yb图解(据文献[30]) syn—COLG-同碰撞花岗岩;VAG—火山弧花岗岩;WPG—板内花岗岩;ORG—洋脊花岗岩。虚线代表来自异常洋脊的ORG上部边界。图左侧和下侧箭头边上的数字代表超出图范围的样品数。
Fig.15 (a) Nb-Y (b) Ta-Yb diagrams for late Neoarchean granitoids in the NCC. Adapted from [30].
图16 华北克拉通古陆块(>2.6 Ga)的空间分布(据文献[6,55]) EAT—东部古陆块;SAT—南部古陆块;CAT—中部古陆块。新太古代晚期双岩浆岩带分布于东部古陆块西缘。1—富钾花岗岩带;2—TTG岩带。
Fig.16 Spatial distribution of ancient blocks (>2.6 Ga) in the NCC. Adapted from [6,55].
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