雅鲁藏布江中段日喀则地区却顶布—路曲地幔橄榄岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.42

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 1-19.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.42

雅鲁藏布江中段日喀则地区却顶布—路曲地幔橄榄岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义

陈国超¹^,²^,³(), 张晓飞⁴^,^*(), 裴先治², 裴磊², 李佐臣², 刘成军², 李瑞保²

1.南阳理工学院土木工程学院, 河南南阳 473000
2.长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 陕西西安 710054
3.自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
4.中国地质调查局发展研究中心, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2023-03-01 修回日期:2023-10-27 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
通信作者: *张晓飞(1985—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事构造地质学和区域地质学研究。E-mail: zhangxiaofei521125@163.com
作者简介:陈国超(1979—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事造山带构造岩浆作用研究。E-mail: chaoschen@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42172236);国家自然科学基金项目(41872233);国家自然科学基金项目(41872235);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190570);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230053);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230355);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-229);资源与生态环境地质湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(HBREGKFJJ-202304);河南省战略性金属矿产成矿规律与找矿预测研究项目(2023-903-XM006);南阳理工学院交叉科学研究资助项目

Geochemical characteristics, genesis and geological significance of Quedingbu-Luqu peridotites in the Xigaze area, middle Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

CHEN Guochao¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Xiaofei⁴^,^*(), PEI Xianzhi², PEI Lei², LI Zuochen², LIU Chengjun², LI Ruibao²

1. School of Civil Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473000, China
2. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
3. Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, China
4. Development and Research Centre, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2023-03-01 Revised:2023-10-27 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日喀则蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江缝合带的重要组成部分,但是对该蛇绿岩的成因和构造背景还存在较大的争议。本文以日喀则地区却顶布—路曲蛇绿岩为研究对象,通过详细的野外地质、岩石学、矿物化学及岩石地球化学研究,显示该蛇绿岩主要由方辉橄榄岩组成,另有少量辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩。与路曲方辉橄榄岩相比,却顶布方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值较低,斜方辉石Al₂O₃和Cr₂O₃含量较高,单斜辉石Al₂O₃含量和Cr^#值较高,尖晶石Cr^#值和TiO₂含量较低。却顶布—路曲方辉橄榄岩具有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al₂O₃、CaO、TiO₂含量,稀土元素总量为(0.17~1.63)×10^-6,低于原始地幔和亏损地幔。路曲方辉橄榄岩的LREE/HREE和(La/Yb)_N比值较高,分别为1.34~9.22和0.56~12.14;却顶布方辉橄榄岩与其相反,LREE/HREE和(La/Yb)_N比值分别为0.29~0.81和0.11~0.25。路曲方辉橄榄岩呈轻稀土富集型的U型稀土元素配分模式;却顶布方辉橄榄岩为轻稀土亏损型的左倾型稀土元素配分模式。路曲方辉橄榄岩和却顶布方辉橄榄岩具有近似的微量元素分布特征,但是又有一定区别,路曲方辉橄榄岩大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba高于却顶布方辉橄榄岩,但K、Sr低于却顶布方辉橄榄岩。却顶布—路曲方辉橄榄岩的源区可能来源于地幔中的尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩。却顶布—路曲方辉橄榄岩矿物化学和全岩地球化学特征与深海地幔橄榄岩相似。矿物学和全岩岩石地球化学特征显示却顶布方辉橄榄岩为经历了10%~15%部分熔融的残余,路曲方辉橄榄岩为经历了20%~25%部分熔融的残余。却顶布—路曲方辉橄榄岩形成于慢速-超慢速拉张的洋中脊环境。日喀则蛇绿岩的多样性与源区部分熔融程度和后期流体交代密切相关。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江缝合带, 却顶布—路曲蛇绿岩, 地幔橄榄岩, 岩石成因

Abstract:

The Xigaze ophiolite is a significant feature of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, yet its origin and tectonic setting have been subject to debate. This study focuses on the ophiolite in the Quedingbu-Luqu area of Xigaze. Through detailed field geology, petrology, mineral chemistry, and petrochemistry analyses, it is established that the ophiolite predominantly comprises harzburgite with minor occurrences of gabbro, diabase, and basal. A comparison between the Quedingbu and Luqu harzburgite reveals differences in olivine composition, with the former exhibiting lower Fo values, and variations in Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ content in orthopyroxene. Moreover, clinopyroxene displays higher Al₂O₃ and Cr^# values, while spinel shows lower Cr^# and TiO₂ contents. The Quedingbu-Luqu harzburgite is characterized by high MgO content and low Al₂O₃, CaO, and TiO₂ contents. The total rare earth element (REE) contents range from 0.17×10^-6 to 1.63×10^-6, lower than those of primitive and depleted mantle. Luqu harzburgite exhibits high LREE/HREE and (La/Yb)_N ratios, while Quedingbu harzburgite shows lower values. Luqu harzburgite displays a LREE-enriched U-type REE distribution pattern, whereas Quedingbu harzburgite exhibits a LREE-depleted left dipping REE distribution pattern. The large ion lithophile elements Rb and Ba in Luqu harzburgite are higher than in Quedingbu harzburgite, while K and Sr are lower. The Quedingbu-Luqu harzburgite likely originates from spinel lherzolite in the mantle. The mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemical characteristics of Quedingbu-Luqu harzburgite resemble that of deep-sea mantle peridotite. Quedingbu harzburgite represents residue from 10% to 15% partial melting, while Luqu harzburgite represents residue from 20% to 25% partial melting. The formation of Quedingbu-Luqu harzburgite occurred in a slow to ultra-slow extensional ocean ridge environment. The diversity of the Xigaze ophiolite is closely tied to the degree of partial melting in the source and subsequent melt/fluid metasomatism.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, Quedingbu-Luqu ophiolite, peridotite, petrogenesis

中图分类号:

陈国超, 张晓飞, 裴先治, 裴磊, 李佐臣, 刘成军, 李瑞保. 雅鲁藏布江中段日喀则地区却顶布—路曲地幔橄榄岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 1-19.

CHEN Guochao, ZHANG Xiaofei, PEI Xianzhi, PEI Lei, LI Zuochen, LIU Chengjun, LI Ruibao. Geochemical characteristics, genesis and geological significance of Quedingbu-Luqu peridotites in the Xigaze area, middle Yarlung Zangbo suture zone[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 1-19.

图/表 17

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测点	w_B/%												Fo
测点	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	NiO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	Total	Fo
PM802-19-1-1	40.68	0.00	0.05	0.03	8.88	0.14	50.32	0.25	0.08	0.03	0.00	100.20	91.08
PM802-19-1-2	40.19	0.05	0.01	0.03	8.91	0.15	48.15	0.34	0.13	0.04	0.00	98.01	90.68
PM802-19-1-3	40.70	0.00	0.02	0.06	9.01	0.15	48.73	0.25	0.07	0.00	0.00	98.97	90.69
PM802-19-1-4	41.07	0.01	0.01	0.00	9.04	0.09	50.11	0.30	0.04	0.02	0.00	100.68	90.89
PM802-19-1-5	40.98	0.02	0.02	0.02	8.72	0.12	48.94	0.27	0.12	0.03	0.00	99.23	90.99

测点	w_B/%												Fo
测点	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	NiO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	Total	Fo
PM802-19-1-1	40.68	0.00	0.05	0.03	8.88	0.14	50.32	0.25	0.08	0.03	0.00	100.20	91.08
PM802-19-1-2	40.19	0.05	0.01	0.03	8.91	0.15	48.15	0.34	0.13	0.04	0.00	98.01	90.68
PM802-19-1-3	40.70	0.00	0.02	0.06	9.01	0.15	48.73	0.25	0.07	0.00	0.00	98.97	90.69
PM802-19-1-4	41.07	0.01	0.01	0.00	9.04	0.09	50.11	0.30	0.04	0.02	0.00	100.68	90.89
PM802-19-1-5	40.98	0.02	0.02	0.02	8.72	0.12	48.94	0.27	0.12	0.03	0.00	99.23	90.99

测点	w_B/%												En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
测点	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	NiO	Total	En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
PM802-19-1-21	55.84	0.00	2.90	1.19	5.69	0.14	32.85	0.88	0.11	0.00	0.05	99.77	89.66	8.63	1.71	91.04	21.60
PM802-19-1-22	55.23	0.02	3.93	0.83	5.98	0.14	33.06	0.46	0.11	0.01	0.09	99.86	90.05	9.05	0.90	90.68	12.43
PM802-19-1-23	56.29	0.03	3.58	0.85	5.60	0.18	32.61	1.59	0.02	0.01	0.05	100.80	88.48	8.45	3.07	91.10	13.75
PM802-19-1-24	55.82	0.01	3.17	0.89	5.78	0.13	33.26	1.16	0.12	0.03	0.09	100.48	89.16	8.61	2.23	91.00	15.87
PM802-19-1-25	55.16	0.03	3.76	0.78	6.00	0.12	34.05	0.72	0.00	0.01	0.04	102.66	89.85	8.80	1.35	90.89	12.20
PM802-19-1-26	55.85	0.01	3.90	0.94	5.44	0.15	32.57	1.71	0.01	0.00	0.11	100.68	88.47	8.22	3.31	91.32	13.86
PM802-19-1-27	55.64	0.08	3.76	0.84	5.84	0.11	32.92	1.26	0.04	0.00	0.12	100.61	88.81	8.76	2.43	90.84	13.03

测点	w_B/%												En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
测点	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	NiO	Total	En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
PM802-19-1-21	55.84	0.00	2.90	1.19	5.69	0.14	32.85	0.88	0.11	0.00	0.05	99.77	89.66	8.63	1.71	91.04	21.60
PM802-19-1-22	55.23	0.02	3.93	0.83	5.98	0.14	33.06	0.46	0.11	0.01	0.09	99.86	90.05	9.05	0.90	90.68	12.43
PM802-19-1-23	56.29	0.03	3.58	0.85	5.60	0.18	32.61	1.59	0.02	0.01	0.05	100.80	88.48	8.45	3.07	91.10	13.75
PM802-19-1-24	55.82	0.01	3.17	0.89	5.78	0.13	33.26	1.16	0.12	0.03	0.09	100.48	89.16	8.61	2.23	91.00	15.87
PM802-19-1-25	55.16	0.03	3.76	0.78	6.00	0.12	34.05	0.72	0.00	0.01	0.04	102.66	89.85	8.80	1.35	90.89	12.20
PM802-19-1-26	55.85	0.01	3.90	0.94	5.44	0.15	32.57	1.71	0.01	0.00	0.11	100.68	88.47	8.22	3.31	91.32	13.86
PM802-19-1-27	55.64	0.08	3.76	0.84	5.84	0.11	32.92	1.26	0.04	0.00	0.12	100.61	88.81	8.76	2.43	90.84	13.03

测点	w_B/%												En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
测点	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	NiO	Total	En	Fs	Wo	Mg^#	Cr^#
PM802-19-1-6	52.90	0.00	4.01	1.24	2.22	0.10	16.68	24.02	0.11	0.00	0.04	101.35	47.55	3.52	48.93	92.96	21.60
PM802-19-1-7	52.00	0.08	3.95	1.17	2.14	0.10	16.14	24.32	0.10	0.01	0.06	100.13	46.51	3.42	50.07	93.00	12.43
PM802-19-1-8	52.44	0.03	4.16	1.14	2.01	0.07	16.37	24.72	0.22	0.01	0.04	101.26	46.57	3.18	50.25	93.47	13.75
PM802-19-1-9	52.39	0.02	4.12	1.24	2.22	0.07	16.56	24.15	0.07	0.00	0.08	100.92	47.25	3.52	49.23	92.92	15.87
PM802-19-1-10	52.74	0.05	3.94	1.30	2.08	0.02	16.74	24.29	0.06	0.00	0.03	101.26	47.49	3.28	49.22	93.40	12.20
PM802-19-1-11	53.21	0.02	3.99	1.21	2.23	0.08	16.70	24.30	0.15	0.00	0.02	101.94	47.32	3.51	49.17	92.95	13.86
PM802-19-1-12	52.86	0.09	3.82	1.08	1.95	0.03	16.42	23.87	0.29	0.07	0.02	100.61	47.52	3.14	49.34	93.67	15.99

雅鲁藏布江中段日喀则地区却顶布—路曲地幔橄榄岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义

Geochemical characteristics, genesis and geological significance of Quedingbu-Luqu peridotites in the Xigaze area, middle Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

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样品号	w_B/%																																							Mg^#
样品号	SiO₂		TiO₂		Al₂O₃			FeO^T		Fe₂O₃			FeO		MnO				MgO				CaO				Na₂O				K₂O				P₂O₅		LOI			Mg^#
PM801-4-1	46.12		0.01		0.18			8.22		7.23			1.78		0.07				44.49				0.08				0.01				0.002				0.01		12.24			91
PM801-4-2	47.75		0.01		0.21			8.61		7.77			1.69		0.07				44.40				0.09				0.01				0.002				0.01		12.37			90
PM801-26-1	43.81		0.01		0.84			8.44		1.69			6.94		0.13				45.66				0.91				0.01				0.001				0.01		0.13			91
PM801-26-2	44.28		0.01		0.88			8.31		1.89			6.63		0.13				45.17				1.00				0.01				0.001				0.01		0.15			91
PM801-26-3	44.11		0.01		1.04			8.37		1.56			6.98		0.13				44.98				1.17				0.01				0.002				0.01		0.13			91
PM801-35-3	46.19		0.01		0.97			8.10		5.99			2.76		0.11				43.76				0.16				0.01				0.003				0.01		12.54			91
PM802-19-2	45.50		0.02		2.09			8.03		1.91			6.63		0.13				42.14				1.85				0.03				0.003				0.01		0.39			90
PM802-31-1	45.92		0.04		2.48			7.72		6.07			2.32		0.12				40.78				2.21				0.06				0.002				0.01		10.98			90
PM802-35-1	44.45		0.01		0.81			8.17		2.28			6.15		0.13				45.40				0.75				0.02				0.003				0.01		0.14			91
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Li	Be		Sc		V	Cr		Co		Ni	Cu		Zn		Ga		Rb			Sr			Y		Nb			Cs			Ba		La		Ce		Pr	Nd		Sm
PM801-4-1	2.55	0.021		3.34		13.1	2 170		109		2 490	3.58		27		0.58		7.06			3.63			0.48		0.2			0.06			4.27		0.45		0.63		0.076	0.25		0.045
PM801-4-2	0.45	0.015		2.97		12.1	2 630		102		2 410	2.96		27.5		0.54		5.95			3.22			0.25		0.14			0.03			4.05		0.16		0.23		0.027	0.095		0.018
PM801-26-1	0.91	0.002		9.53		44.7	3 890		112		2 350	9.91		43		0.88		6.21			0.72			0.5		0.12			0.01			0.74		0.12		0.18		0.02	0.067		0.016
PM801-26-2	1.28	0.005		11.4		45.3	3 610		109		2 290	12		40.6		0.89		5.57			0.65			0.44		0.1			0.01			0.74		0.077		0.13		0.014	0.057		0.016
PM801-26-3	0.96	0.002		11		47.5	3 450		111		2 280	10.8		40.8		0.94		4.97			0.76			0.44		0.09			0.01			0.6		0.048		0.088		0.011	0.045		0.014
PM801-35-3	1.31	0.052		9.82		38.8	2 890		97.2		2 040	7.42		34.7		1.35		4.85			4.34			0.33		0.09			0.26			1.11		0.072		0.15		0.02	0.079		0.022
PM802-19-2	1.32	0.002		13.1		63.4	3 360		101		2 050	20.4		40.1		1.52		4.63			1.12			0.69		0.07			0.03			0.81		0.044		0.086		0.009	0.036		0.012
PM802-31-1	2.65	0.005		11.8		59.7	2 920		91.9		1 840	16.5		35		2.31		3.94			5.34			1.39		0.06			0.12			1.44		0.035		0.062		0.009	0.059		0.04
PM802-35-1	4.38	0.005		10.4		51.4	5 660		110		2 310	27.6		41.6		0.92		2.77			0.88			0.34		0.06			0.01			0.64		0.013		0.032		0.004	0.02		0.006
样品号	w_B/10^-6																																					(La/ Yb)_N	(Gd/ Lu)_N		δEu
样品号	Eu	Gd		Tb		Dy	Ho		Er		Tm	Yb		Lu		Hf	Ta			Pb		Th			U			Zr		LREE			HREE			REE		(La/ Yb)_N	(Gd/ Lu)_N		δEu
PM801-4-1	0.016	0.044		0.007		0.042	0.009		0.024		0.004	0.025		0.005		0.01	0.04			0.2		0.08			0.02			0.36		1.47			0.16			1.63		12.14	1.12		1.1
PM801-4-2	0.01	0.021		0.003		0.018	0.004		0.014		0.003	0.022		0.003		0.01	0.03			0.1		0.04			0.02			0.21		0.54			0.09			0.63		4.9	0.87		1.57
PM801-26-1	0.004	0.013		0.003		0.021	0.006		0.021		0.005	0.042		0.01		0.01	0.03			0.05		0.03			0			0.43		0.41			0.12			0.53		1.93	0.17		0.83
PM801-26-2	0.004	0.017		0.003		0.021	0.006		0.026		0.006	0.05		0.01		0.01	0.03			0.07		0.02			0			0.24		0.3			0.14			0.44		1.04	0.21		0.74
PM801-26-3	0.003	0.018		0.003		0.021	0.006		0.031		0.007	0.058		0.012		0.01	0.03			0.11		0.02			0			0.36		0.21			0.16			0.37		0.56	0.19		0.58
PM801-35-3	0.007	0.026		0.005		0.037	0.01		0.036		0.008	0.063		0.012		0.06	0.02			0.07		0.02			0.01			1.93		0.35			0.2			0.55		0.77	0.27		0.86
PM802-19-2	0.004	0.018		0.006		0.064	0.018		0.073		0.013	0.12		0.021		0.01	0.02			0.07		0.01			0			0.21		0.19			0.33			0.52		0.25	0.11		0.79
PM802-31-1	0.017	0.091		0.023		0.19	0.048		0.15		0.026	0.21		0.033		0.02	0.02			0.09		0.01			0			0.28		0.22			0.77			0.99		0.11	0.34		0.86
PM802-35-1	0.003	0.009		0.002		0.016	0.005		0.018		0.004	0.035		0.007		0.01	0.02			0.1		0.01			0			0.34		0.08			0.09			0.17		0.25	0.15		1.11

地区	岩性	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	ε_Nd(t)	年龄/Ma		构造环境	参考文献
吉定	辉绿岩			128±2		SSZ(弧后盆地)	[34]
	辉长岩	0.703 431~0.705 961	+7.5~+9.5			慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋	[21]
	辉长岩脉			127.1±3.5		弧前伸展背景	[25]
	辉绿岩脉			128.5±1.0			[37]
	辉长岩			125.6		慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋	[20]
得村	基性岩	0.703 07~0.705 75	+8.27~+10.10			洋中脊	[33]
大竹卡	辉长岩	0.703 620~0.704 401	+6.4~+10.9			慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋	[21]
	石英闪长岩			126.0±1.5			[39]
	辉石岩脉			126.1±1.3		弧前伸展背景	[25]
	橄榄辉石岩			124.4±1.3		慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋	[20]
	层状辉长岩			126.2±1.0
	层状辉长岩			127.6±1.0
	辉长岩			124.2±1.3
	异剥钙榴岩			125.9±1.2
彭仓	异剥钙榴岩		+8.6	126.6±1.8		弧前过度伸展	[18]
	异剥钙榴岩		+8.4	130.5±1.3
	斜长花岗岩	0.704 902	+8.4~+8.9	129.8±1.5
	辉绿岩	0.704 653~0.705 283	+8.3~+8.6
群让	辉长岩			125.6±0.88		SSZ(弧后盆地)	[36]
白岗	辉长岩	0.703 736~0.704 875	+5.8~+8.8			慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋	[21]
得几	玻安岩				俯冲带或前弧		[24]
	石英闪长岩			123.3±1.5	弧前伸展		[25]
	辉石岩脉			124.9±1.1
	辉石岩脉			126.5±4.7
	伟晶辉长岩			126.0±1.3	弧前过度伸展		[18]
	辉长岩脉	0.704 903~0.705 041	+8.2~+8.4	124.8±1.3
	斜长花岗岩	0.703 922~0.704 983	+7.9~+8.0	125.1±1.5
	斜长花岗岩			127.2±1.0
	异剥钙榴岩		+8.1
仁布	玄武岩	0.704 53~0.706 02	+4.69~+7.12		初始边缘洋盆		[95]
夏鲁	辉长岩				SSZ(弧后或弧前盆地)		[32]
	橄榄岩				洋中脊,后期经过俯冲改造		[27]
	异剥钙榴岩			125.6±0.8	慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋		[20]
冲堆	辉长岩			129.1±1.2	慢速-超慢速扩张的大洋		[20]
白马让	玄武岩	0.704 908~0.705 497	+8.42~+8.50		SSZ(俯冲带上的洋盆)		[38]
	辉绿岩床	0.704 253~0.705 300	+8.41~+8.40
	辉绿岩脉	0.703 297~0.704 270	+8.51~+8.70
雄玛	辉绿岩			136.4±2.2	陆内裂谷环境		[40]
	辉长岩			133.8±2.7
	石英闪长岩			138.8±1.5
路曲	辉长岩		+7.5~+9.3	128~130	晚期洋脊-海沟碰撞		[23]
路曲	变形辉长岩		+14.0~+17.1	124	晚期洋脊-海沟碰撞		[23]

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