Study on basement metamorphic rocks of the ICDP borehole SK2 in the Songliao Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.10

Abstract

Abstract:

A long-term International Continental Scientific Drilling Project (ICDP) in the Songliao Basin has been carried out for 18 years from 2005 to 2023. Its technical objective is to drill three wells comprising four boreholes throughout the entire basin strata and obtain a continuous and complete geological record of the basin formation. The total drilling footage is 14455.06 m and total drilling core sampling depth is 8528.19 m. The recovered core length is 8261.67 m, then the overall core recovery rate is 96.87%. This makes the Songliao Basin the first petroliferous sedimentary basin in the world to date that has been drilled through the entire basin formation and obtained a continuous core record of the entire sedimentary basin sequence from the surface down to the underlying metamorphic basement rock. These cores along with logging and seismic data provide the highest-precision geological archives for studying global and regional important geological events. the relevant research has significantly elevated the international academic standing of the Songliao Basin. However, there are still three significant technical problems that have not been resolved up to now. They include (1) The precise statistical results and documentation of coring intervals and recovery rates for the four boreholes are still lacking; (2) The final drilling depth of the ICDP borehole SK2 and its related formal reports remain unclear; (3) The geological features encountered in the final 100 m of the SK2 borehole including rock types, stratigraphic sequences, and logging data have yet to be objectively and comprehensively reported. As the key geological research team for the Songliao Basin ICDP working group, we address the three problems mentioned above. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the full-core data from the ICDP borehole SK2, we identified a suite of dynamic metamorphic rocks within the Middle Devonian basement sequence in the SK2 borehole, spanning the final core interval from 7000 m to the total depth (TD) of 7108.88 m. According to the analysis of the rock types and metamorphic-deformation characteristics, this study provides for the first time a detailed documentation of the lithological assemblages and stratigraphic sequences of these metamorphic core complexes found deep in the SK2 borehole. Additionally, the final drilling depth of the SK2 Well (7108.88 m) and the comprehensive statistical results for the coring data of the three wells and four boreholes are formally presented here for the first time.

Key words: Songliao Basin, International Continental Scientific Drilling Project (ICDP), the ICDP borehole SK2, final drilling bottom depth of 7108 m in the SK2 borehole, metamorphic complexes, Middle Devonian basement sequence

CLC Number:

WANG Pujun, GAO Chuancheng, GAO Youfeng, YANG Zhuolong, TANG Xin, ZHENG Changqing, LIU Shuo, LIU Haibo, LI Honghao, GAO Xiang, GAO Yuan, WANG Chengshan, WAN Xiaoqiao. Study on basement metamorphic rocks of the ICDP borehole SK2 in the Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 38-51.

Figures/Tables 11

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井号	钻探时间	井深/m	层位	钻进类型	取心类型	取心进尺/m	岩心长度/m	取心率/%
松科1井南孔海拔:135 m E 124°40'16″ N 45°34'14″	2006-08-18— 2006-11-04	0~955.00	泰康组—嫩江组	全面钻进
松科1井南孔海拔:135 m E 124°40'16″ N 45°34'14″	2006-08-18— 2006-11-04	955.00~ 1 935.00	嫩江组—泉头组	钻井取心	常规取心保形取心定向取心	946.83	944.23	99.73
松科1井北孔海拔:134 m E 124°15'57″ N 46°12'44″	2006-08-29— 2007-10-20	0~160.51	泰康组	全面钻进
		160.51~ 233.56	泰康组—明水组	钻井取心	保形取心	1 630.41	1 541.66	94.56
		233.56~ 1 811.18	明水组—嫩江组	钻井取心	常规取心	1 630.41	1 541.66	94.56
松科2井海拔:164 m E125°21'47″ N 46°14'27″	2014-04-13— 2018-05-26	0~1 074.00	泰康组—嫩江组	全面钻进
		1 074.00~ 1 256.01	嫩江组	钻井取心	常规取心	145.13	130.87	90.17
		1 256.01~ 2 863.23	姚家组— 登娄库组	全面钻进
		2 863.23~ 7 018	登娄库组—基底	钻井取心	常规取心	4 134.60	4 003.94	96.84
		7 018~ 7 108.88	中泥盆统变质岩基底	钻井取心	常规取心	90.88	74.71	82.20
松科3井海拔:173 m E 125°17'40″ N 44°16'20″	2020-09-24— 2021-01-30	0~839.75	泰康组— 青山口组	全面钻进
		839.75~ 2 420.09	泉头组— 登娄库组	钻井取心	常规取心	1 580.34	1 566.26	99.10
		2 420.09~ 3 600.00	沙河子组— 火石岭组	全面钻进
总计		总进尺14 455.06				8 528.19	8 261.67	96.87

井号	钻探时间	井深/m	层位	钻进类型	取心类型	取心进尺/m	岩心长度/m	取心率/%
松科1井南孔海拔:135 m E 124°40'16″ N 45°34'14″	2006-08-18— 2006-11-04	0~955.00	泰康组—嫩江组	全面钻进
松科1井南孔海拔:135 m E 124°40'16″ N 45°34'14″	2006-08-18— 2006-11-04	955.00~ 1 935.00	嫩江组—泉头组	钻井取心	常规取心保形取心定向取心	946.83	944.23	99.73
松科1井北孔海拔:134 m E 124°15'57″ N 46°12'44″	2006-08-29— 2007-10-20	0~160.51	泰康组	全面钻进
		160.51~ 233.56	泰康组—明水组	钻井取心	保形取心	1 630.41	1 541.66	94.56
		233.56~ 1 811.18	明水组—嫩江组	钻井取心	常规取心	1 630.41	1 541.66	94.56
松科2井海拔:164 m E125°21'47″ N 46°14'27″	2014-04-13— 2018-05-26	0~1 074.00	泰康组—嫩江组	全面钻进
		1 074.00~ 1 256.01	嫩江组	钻井取心	常规取心	145.13	130.87	90.17
		1 256.01~ 2 863.23	姚家组— 登娄库组	全面钻进
		2 863.23~ 7 018	登娄库组—基底	钻井取心	常规取心	4 134.60	4 003.94	96.84
		7 018~ 7 108.88	中泥盆统变质岩基底	钻井取心	常规取心	90.88	74.71	82.20
松科3井海拔:173 m E 125°17'40″ N 44°16'20″	2020-09-24— 2021-01-30	0~839.75	泰康组— 青山口组	全面钻进
		839.75~ 2 420.09	泉头组— 登娄库组	钻井取心	常规取心	1 580.34	1 566.26	99.10
		2 420.09~ 3 600.00	沙河子组— 火石岭组	全面钻进
总计		总进尺14 455.06				8 528.19	8 261.67	96.87

一级构造	面积/km²	二级构造	面积/km²
I西部断陷带	5 115	I₁梅里斯断陷	2 547
		I₂宝山断陷	790
		I₃富裕断陷	749
		I₄林甸断陷	1 029
II西部隆起带	302	II₁依安西断陷	302
III中部断陷带	8 792	III₁依安中断陷	483
		III₂依安东断陷	812
		III₃黑鱼泡断陷	2 087
		III₄小林克断陷	270
		III₅古龙断陷	3 374
		III₆泰来断陷	1 766
IV中部隆起带	2 767	IV₁中和断陷	484
IV中部隆起带	2 767	IV₂北安断陷	2 283
V东部断陷带	16 805	V₁莺山断陷	1 661
		V₂双城断陷	980
		V₃徐家围子断陷	5 682
		V₄任民镇断陷	678
		V₅兰西断陷	1 156
		V₆呼兰北断陷	1 036
		V₇绥化断陷	3 523
		V₈兴华断陷	758
		V₉宾县西断陷	102
		V₁₀宾县南断陷	253
		V₁₁宾县东断陷	976
VI东部隆起带	3 500	VI₁德惠断陷	3 500

一级构造	面积/km²	二级构造	面积/km²
I西部断陷带	5 115	I₁梅里斯断陷	2 547
		I₂宝山断陷	790
		I₃富裕断陷	749
		I₄林甸断陷	1 029
II西部隆起带	302	II₁依安西断陷	302
III中部断陷带	8 792	III₁依安中断陷	483
		III₂依安东断陷	812
		III₃黑鱼泡断陷	2 087
		III₄小林克断陷	270
		III₅古龙断陷	3 374
		III₆泰来断陷	1 766
IV中部隆起带	2 767	IV₁中和断陷	484
IV中部隆起带	2 767	IV₂北安断陷	2 283
V东部断陷带	16 805	V₁莺山断陷	1 661
		V₂双城断陷	980
		V₃徐家围子断陷	5 682
		V₄任民镇断陷	678
		V₅兰西断陷	1 156
		V₆呼兰北断陷	1 036
		V₇绥化断陷	3 523
		V₈兴华断陷	758
		V₉宾县西断陷	102
		V₁₀宾县南断陷	253
		V₁₁宾县东断陷	976
VI东部隆起带	3 500	VI₁德惠断陷	3 500