Refraction Pg tomographic imaging reveals the upper crustal structure of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt and its adjacent areas

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.29

Abstract

Abstract:

The Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt is composed of many microcontinents, island arcs, accretionary wedges and ophiolite (oceanic crust fragments). It has experienced a complex tectonic evolution history and recorded important information such as the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the final assembly of the Siberian and North China Plates. Its evolution has always been a hot topic in the field of geosciences at home and abroad. It is of great significance to study the relationship between the geological bodies in the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt and its adjacent areas for its tectonic evolution. Obtaining fine upper crustal structure is the key to determine the contact relationship between different blocks in the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt and reveal the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution process. In this paper, a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profile data with a total length of 503 km across Songliao Basin, Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt and Erlian Basin is studied by first-arrival wave tomography. In this study, the finite difference algorithm is used to calculate 693 first arrival traveltime picking data of 16 artillery data. The inversion strategy of variable grid scale and smoothing parameters is adopted. After 40 iterations of inversion, the RMS is reduced to 0.103 s, and the fine velocity structure of the upper crust (more than 7 km) is obtained. The imaging results describe the underground velocity structure of the study area in detail: the northern Erlian Basin has low velocity characteristics, which is a deep south and shallow north fault basin, with a maximum depth of 5.5 km, and its development is mainly controlled by normal faults with opposite tendencies on both sides. The upper crust of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt (between the Nenjiang Fault and the Hegenshan Suture Zone) is characterized by high velocity and dramatic lateral changes. There are three mountain basins, most of which are Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments with few Quaternary sediments, the velocity of the sedimentary layer is higher than that of the basins on both sides of the orogenic belt. The southern Songliao Basin is a typical half-graben rift basin. The reverse movement of normal faults caused by the later NWW-SEE horizontal compression caused the top interface of the crystalline basement to be basically consistent with the fold deformation of the sedimentary layer. The deepest part of the basin along the survey line can reach 5.5 km. The location of the fault zone and the distribution of the upper crust in the study area are determined based on the velocity anomaly. Most of the faults and shallow faults are steep with large angles, and the dip angle gradually decreases and evolves into a shovel type during the extension to the deep.

Key words: wide angle reflection and refraction, Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt, Songliao Basin, Erlian Basin, seismic tomography imaging

CLC Number:

P315

CAO Lifu, WANG Haiyan, LI Wenhui, HOU Hesheng, WANG Guangwen, PANG Yongxiang. Refraction Pg tomographic imaging reveals the upper crustal structure of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt and its adjacent areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 346-356.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Wide-angle reflection and refraction profile from south Naiman Banner to north Dongwu Banner. Modified from [1,39,55-56]. a—Location of the study area; b—the location of wide-angle reflection seismic profile.

Table 1 Reception of seismic source parameters

炮点编号	类型	药量/kg	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	高程/m
A1	超级大炮	2 000	121.079 5	42.879 45	344.8
A2	超级大炮	2 000	120.468 8	43.410 83	317.8
A3	超级大炮	2 000	119.896 8	43.804 93	480.6
A4	超级大炮	2 000	119.287 5	44.358 15	838.5
A5	超级大炮	2 000	118.728	44.765 07	1 050.4
A6	超级大炮	2 000	118.137 2	45.285 52	870.843
A7	超级大炮	2 000	117.299 1	46.072 28	1 003.145
B1	大炮	480	119.642 4	44.067 19	825.7
B2	大炮	480	119.430 5	44.234 45	802.0
B3	大炮	480	119.239 1	44.384 66	854.3
B4	大炮	480	119.046 4	44.534 09	1 010.0
B5	大炮	480	118.354 3	45.021 04	987.641 2
B6	大炮	480	118.148	45.249 28	873.825 4
B7	大炮	480	118.022 4	45.380 95	838.371 2
B8	大炮	480	117.822 3	45.573 06	830.414 3
B9	大炮	480	117.625 3	45.773 42	1 002.713

Fig.2 The seismic record of A1 single shot and its seismic phase travel time picking

Fig.3 A2 shot seismic record cross section (short line is picked Pg seismic phase)

Fig.4 A5 shot seismic record cross section(short line is picked Pg seismic phase)

Fig.5 B7 shot seismic record cross section (short line is picked Pg seismic phase)

Fig.6 The distribution characteristics of Pg wave travel time data along the profile (reduced velocity at 6.0 km/s)

Fig.7 Forward and inversion calculation process. Adapted from [57-58].

Fig.8 Convergent curve of iterative inversions (A) and 1D initial velocity model (B). Adapted from [9].

Fig.9 Upper crustal velocity model derived from first arrival tomography. The dotted line is the presumed fault, red represents the Cenozoic normal fault, blue represents the late Paleozoic fault, and the arrow represents the direction of movement of the hanging wall of the fault. SCS—Xar Moron suture zone; F1—Nenjiang fault; F2—Daxing’anling main fault; F3—Daqing ranch south fault; HHS—Hegenshan suture zone; F4—Hegenshan fault zone.

Fig.10 Number of rays in tomography cells

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