The study of geochemical background and baseline for 54 chemical indicators in Chinese soil

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.25

Abstract

Abstract:

The Geochemical Survey of Land Quality conducted by the China Geological Survey from 1999 to 2021 collected 670321 composite surface soil samples (0-20 cm) and 167746 composite deep soil samples (150-180 cm) across approximately 2.665 million km², covering most densely populated areas and farmland in China. Each composite sample underwent analysis for 54 chemical indicators using a standardized method (Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ga, Ge, Hg, I, La, Li, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TFe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, pH, total carbon and organic carbon). This study examines the methodologies and fundamental characteristics of establishing geochemical background values, baseline values, and their upper and lower threshold limits for the 54 soil indicators in China. Additionally, it compares various thresholds of the background of cultivated soil with existing environmental and nutrient-related standards. The findings reveal that, on a national scale, most surface soil indicators exhibit content and distribution patterns inherited from deep soil, with notable changes observed only in the background values of specific indicators such as organic carbon, total carbon, N, S, Se, Hg, Br, Cd, and P. Spearman correlation coefficients for each indicator in both surface and deep soil consistently exceeded 0.50. Across the entire cultivated land in the country, only the upper limit of Cd background exceeds the risk screening value for soil contamination of agricultural land, while the upper limits of Hg, As, Pb, and Cr backgrounds were all lower than their respective risk screening values. Due to significant spatial distribution differences in many indicators, a simplistic national-scale background delineation is insufficient for refined soil resource management. Hence, the establishment of geochemical background/baseline at different scales based on national data is crucial to inform government regulations and standards for soil environmental quality management.

Key words: soil geochemical background, soil geochemical baseline, Chinese soil, cultivated land soil in China, geochemical investigation of land quality

CLC Number:

P595
X53

YANG Zheng, PENG Min, ZHAO Chuandong, YANG Ke, LIU Fei, LI Kuo, ZHOU Yalong, TANG Shiqi, MA Honghong, ZHANG Qing, CHENG Hangxin. The study of geochemical background and baseline for 54 chemical indicators in Chinese soil[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 380-402.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Area covered by the 1∶250000 geochemical survey of land quality project completed as of the end of 2021

Table 1 Change rate of statistical parameters of surface soil indexes before and after removing data by Grubbs’ method

指标		参数变化率/%
指标		Bi	Cd	Cl	Cr	Hg	I	Ni	S	53项指标平均
样品数 (N)	3S_a	-9.6	-11.5	-14.7	-4	-8.8	-9.6	-4	-8.2	-5.6
样品数 (N)	$S g 3$	-4.2	-3.5	-8.2	-8.4	-0.9	-1	-4.3	-3.8	-3.6
算术平均值 (X_a)	3S_a	-29.1	-41.9	-70.3	-8.7	-33.8	-24.9	-9	-36.8	-13
算术平均值 (X_a)	$S g 3$	-20.8	-29.6	-67.1	-1.2	-14.4	-5.7	-0.7	-31.1	-6.9
几何平均值 (X_g)	3S_a	-12.3	-17.5	-23.6	-4.8	-14.8	-13.7	-4.9	-12.4	-6.1
几何平均值 (X_g)	$S g 3$	-4.8	-6.9	-18.1	6.8	-1.8	-1.6	5.1	-6.9	-0.4
P_2.5%	3S_a	0	-4.2	-2.9	0	-8.3	0	-16.7	-2	1.3
P_2.5%	$S g 3$	8.5	2.1	-1.4	86.7	0	-5	36.7	3.9	19
中位数 (X_me)	3S_a	-5.9	-6.7	-5.9	-1.5	-11.1	-10.5	-3.7	-4.4	-2.6
中位数 (X_me)	$S g 3$	-2.9	-2	-2.9	1.5	-1.9	-2.3	0.6	-1.6	-0.1
P_97.5%	3S_a	-57.1	-69.8	-88.6	-32.5	-51.7	-54.7	-31.9	-61.4	-32.4
P_97.5%	$S g 3$	-36.7	-47.2	-83.4	-21.3	-11.5	-11.6	-10.1	-47.6	-17.9

Table 1 Change rate of statistical parameters of surface soil indexes before and after removing data by Grubbs’ method

指标		参数变化率/%
指标		Bi	Cd	Cl	Cr	Hg	I	Ni	S	53项指标平均
样品数 (N)	3S_a	-9.6	-11.5	-14.7	-4	-8.8	-9.6	-4	-8.2	-5.6
样品数 (N)	$S g 3$	-4.2	-3.5	-8.2	-8.4	-0.9	-1	-4.3	-3.8	-3.6
算术平均值 (X_a)	3S_a	-29.1	-41.9	-70.3	-8.7	-33.8	-24.9	-9	-36.8	-13
算术平均值 (X_a)	$S g 3$	-20.8	-29.6	-67.1	-1.2	-14.4	-5.7	-0.7	-31.1	-6.9
几何平均值 (X_g)	3S_a	-12.3	-17.5	-23.6	-4.8	-14.8	-13.7	-4.9	-12.4	-6.1
几何平均值 (X_g)	$S g 3$	-4.8	-6.9	-18.1	6.8	-1.8	-1.6	5.1	-6.9	-0.4
P_2.5%	3S_a	0	-4.2	-2.9	0	-8.3	0	-16.7	-2	1.3
P_2.5%	$S g 3$	8.5	2.1	-1.4	86.7	0	-5	36.7	3.9	19
中位数 (X_me)	3S_a	-5.9	-6.7	-5.9	-1.5	-11.1	-10.5	-3.7	-4.4	-2.6
中位数 (X_me)	$S g 3$	-2.9	-2	-2.9	1.5	-1.9	-2.3	0.6	-1.6	-0.1
P_97.5%	3S_a	-57.1	-69.8	-88.6	-32.5	-51.7	-54.7	-31.9	-61.4	-32.4
P_97.5%	$S g 3$	-36.7	-47.2	-83.4	-21.3	-11.5	-11.6	-10.1	-47.6	-17.9

Fig.2 Comparing treatment outcomes for anomalous Cl and CaO in surface soil with different background upper limits: (a) Region of outliers eliminated by the Grubbs’ method for surface Cl; (b) Cumulative frequency distribution of surface soil Cl; (c) Region of outliers eliminated by the Grubbs’ method for surface CaO; (d) Cumulative frequency distribution of surface soil CaO.

Table 2 Range of geochemical background values delimit by different upper limits

下限	上限	背景范围取值				背景范围对应百分数/%
下限	上限	Bi含量/ (μg·g^-1)	Cl含量/ (μg·g^-1)	CaO含量/ %	K₂O含量/ %	Bi	Cl	CaO	K₂O	54项指标平均
X_a-2S_a	X_a+2S_a	0~5.26	0~2 844	0~8.26	1.01~3.73	0~99.7	0~98.8	0~94.9	3.6~96.9	0.2~97.5
X_g/ $S g 2$	X_g· $S g 2$	0.11~1.14	16~457	0.08~17.77	1.03~4.9	1.6~96.0	0~95.2	1.9~99.9	3.7~99.4	2.7~97.4
X_me-2·MAD	X_me+2·MAD	0.1~0.58	15~121	0~4.38	1.52~3.24	1.2~85.6	0~82.4	0~76.9	8.3~93.4	2.3~90.3
(X_me-2·MAD)’	(X_me+2·MAD)’	0.16~0.73	30~158	0.05~35.08	1.65~3.42	4.3~90.8	0.9~87.9	0.3~100	10.5~95.1	6.3~94.5
Q₁-1.5·IQR	Q₃+1.5·IQR	0~0.72	0~164	0~9.06	1.25~3.53	0~90.7	0~88.3	0~96.9	5.3~95.9	0.6~94.3

Table 2 Range of geochemical background values delimit by different upper limits

下限	上限	背景范围取值				背景范围对应百分数/%
下限	上限	Bi含量/ (μg·g^-1)	Cl含量/ (μg·g^-1)	CaO含量/ %	K₂O含量/ %	Bi	Cl	CaO	K₂O	54项指标平均
X_a-2S_a	X_a+2S_a	0~5.26	0~2 844	0~8.26	1.01~3.73	0~99.7	0~98.8	0~94.9	3.6~96.9	0.2~97.5
X_g/ $S g 2$	X_g· $S g 2$	0.11~1.14	16~457	0.08~17.77	1.03~4.9	1.6~96.0	0~95.2	1.9~99.9	3.7~99.4	2.7~97.4
X_me-2·MAD	X_me+2·MAD	0.1~0.58	15~121	0~4.38	1.52~3.24	1.2~85.6	0~82.4	0~76.9	8.3~93.4	2.3~90.3
(X_me-2·MAD)’	(X_me+2·MAD)’	0.16~0.73	30~158	0.05~35.08	1.65~3.42	4.3~90.8	0.9~87.9	0.3~100	10.5~95.1	6.3~94.5
Q₁-1.5·IQR	Q₃+1.5·IQR	0~0.72	0~164	0~9.06	1.25~3.53	0~90.7	0~88.3	0~96.9	5.3~95.9	0.6~94.3

Table 3 Relevant parameters of geochemical background in Chinese soil

Table 4 Relevant parameter of geochemical baseline in Chinese soil

Fig.3 Distribution of TFe2O3, Ti, SiO2, Cl, and Zn in different parent material subtypes compared with the national soil geochemical background and baseline

Table 5 Relevant parameters of 54 chemical index of surface/deep soil in China

指标		Ag	As	Au	B	Ba	Be	Bi	Br	Cd
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	9.00%	25.50%	23.20%	15.50%	9.50%	14.00%	10.10%	8.50%	6.30%
	稳定	49.60%	50.20%	38.90%	60.00%	82.10%	77.50%	51.60%	22.80%	22.50%
	富集	41.50%	24.30%	37.90%	24.50%	8.40%	8.60%	38.30%	68.70%	71.20%
背景值/基准值		1	0.9	1	1	0.99	0.95	1.1	1.5	1.5
相关系数		0.53	0.76	0.51	0.85	0.86	0.75	0.78	0.54	0.67
指标		Pb	Rb	S	Sb	Sc	Se	Sn	Sr	Th
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	6.30%	10.60%	5.40%	15.80%	17.90%	5.70%	9.30%	12.70%	12.70%
	稳定	64.90%	82.80%	10.40%	52.30%	70.80%	18.90%	57.90%	70.20%	75.80%
	富集	28.70%	6.60%	84.10%	31.90%	11.30%	75.40%	32.80%	17.10%	11.50%
背景值/基准值		1.08	0.96	2	1.01	1	1.69	1	1	0.92
相关系数		0.78	0.79	0.47	0.8	0.75	0.7	0.71	0.95	0.82
指标		Ce	Cl	Co	Cr	Cu	F	Ga	Ge	Hg
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	9.20%	15.40%	23.60%	14.90%	14.50%	18.00%	12.00%	7.20%	10.50%
	稳定	77.40%	32.90%	62.30%	70.40%	58.80%	65.70%	82.90%	88.00%	20.40%
	富集	13.30%	51.70%	14.10%	14.70%	26.70%	16.30%	5.10%	4.80%	69.20%
背景值/基准值		0.99	1.15	0.92	0.99	1	0.97	0.89	0.93	1.61
相关系数		0.78	0.69	0.79	0.83	0.78	0.7	0.77	0.68	0.74
指标		Ti	Tl	U	V	W	Y	Zn	Zr	SiO₂
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	7.00%	12.80%	12.70%	16.20%	13.00%	6.70%	11.40%	5.20%	0.40%
	稳定	83.70%	77.50%	70.50%	71.60%	68.80%	82.90%	64.50%	77.20%	96.70%
	富集	9.30%	9.70%	16.80%	12.30%	18.20%	10.40%	24.10%	17.60%	3.00%
背景值/基准值		0.99	1	1	0.95	1	1	1.03	1.04	1.01
相关系数		0.88	0.75	0.83	0.81	0.83	0.8	0.76	0.77	0.78
指标		I	La	Li	Mn	Mo	N	Nb	Ni	P
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	29.80%	9.10%	18.60%	28.40%	24.40%	0.70%	5.50%	23.40%	2.90%
	稳定	30.90%	77.70%	67.80%	52.20%	49.10%	3.60%	86.20%	61.00%	20.70%
	富集	39.30%	13.20%	13.60%	19.50%	26.60%	95.70%	8.30%	15.60%	76.40%
背景值/基准值		1	1	0.94	0.93	1	2.64	1	0.93	1.44
相关系数		0.61	0.74	0.79	0.64	0.77	0.52	0.9	0.8	0.68
指标		Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	TC	C_org	pH
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	10.20%	21.00%	21.60%	21.80%	14.90%	9.30%	2.20%	0.90%	7.30%
	稳定	87.20%	66.60%	61.80%	44.40%	62.60%	83.60%	13.70%	3.20%	91.20%
	富集	2.60%	12.40%	16.60%	33.80%	22.50%	7.10%	84.10%	95.90%	1.60%
背景值/基准值		0.94	0.94	0.93	1.07	1	0.99	2.67	3.67	0.9
相关系数		0.75	0.73	0.9	0.93	0.93	0.78	0.5	0.52	0.89

Table 5 Relevant parameters of 54 chemical index of surface/deep soil in China

指标		Ag	As	Au	B	Ba	Be	Bi	Br	Cd
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	9.00%	25.50%	23.20%	15.50%	9.50%	14.00%	10.10%	8.50%	6.30%
	稳定	49.60%	50.20%	38.90%	60.00%	82.10%	77.50%	51.60%	22.80%	22.50%
	富集	41.50%	24.30%	37.90%	24.50%	8.40%	8.60%	38.30%	68.70%	71.20%
背景值/基准值		1	0.9	1	1	0.99	0.95	1.1	1.5	1.5
相关系数		0.53	0.76	0.51	0.85	0.86	0.75	0.78	0.54	0.67
指标		Pb	Rb	S	Sb	Sc	Se	Sn	Sr	Th
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	6.30%	10.60%	5.40%	15.80%	17.90%	5.70%	9.30%	12.70%	12.70%
	稳定	64.90%	82.80%	10.40%	52.30%	70.80%	18.90%	57.90%	70.20%	75.80%
	富集	28.70%	6.60%	84.10%	31.90%	11.30%	75.40%	32.80%	17.10%	11.50%
背景值/基准值		1.08	0.96	2	1.01	1	1.69	1	1	0.92
相关系数		0.78	0.79	0.47	0.8	0.75	0.7	0.71	0.95	0.82
指标		Ce	Cl	Co	Cr	Cu	F	Ga	Ge	Hg
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	9.20%	15.40%	23.60%	14.90%	14.50%	18.00%	12.00%	7.20%	10.50%
	稳定	77.40%	32.90%	62.30%	70.40%	58.80%	65.70%	82.90%	88.00%	20.40%
	富集	13.30%	51.70%	14.10%	14.70%	26.70%	16.30%	5.10%	4.80%	69.20%
背景值/基准值		0.99	1.15	0.92	0.99	1	0.97	0.89	0.93	1.61
相关系数		0.78	0.69	0.79	0.83	0.78	0.7	0.77	0.68	0.74
指标		Ti	Tl	U	V	W	Y	Zn	Zr	SiO₂
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	7.00%	12.80%	12.70%	16.20%	13.00%	6.70%	11.40%	5.20%	0.40%
	稳定	83.70%	77.50%	70.50%	71.60%	68.80%	82.90%	64.50%	77.20%	96.70%
	富集	9.30%	9.70%	16.80%	12.30%	18.20%	10.40%	24.10%	17.60%	3.00%
背景值/基准值		0.99	1	1	0.95	1	1	1.03	1.04	1.01
相关系数		0.88	0.75	0.83	0.81	0.83	0.8	0.76	0.77	0.78
指标		I	La	Li	Mn	Mo	N	Nb	Ni	P
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	29.80%	9.10%	18.60%	28.40%	24.40%	0.70%	5.50%	23.40%	2.90%
	稳定	30.90%	77.70%	67.80%	52.20%	49.10%	3.60%	86.20%	61.00%	20.70%
	富集	39.30%	13.20%	13.60%	19.50%	26.60%	95.70%	8.30%	15.60%	76.40%
背景值/基准值		1	1	0.94	0.93	1	2.64	1	0.93	1.44
相关系数		0.61	0.74	0.79	0.64	0.77	0.52	0.9	0.8	0.68
指标		Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	TC	C_org	pH
相对变化点位比例*	亏损	10.20%	21.00%	21.60%	21.80%	14.90%	9.30%	2.20%	0.90%	7.30%
	稳定	87.20%	66.60%	61.80%	44.40%	62.60%	83.60%	13.70%	3.20%	91.20%
	富集	2.60%	12.40%	16.60%	33.80%	22.50%	7.10%	84.10%	95.90%	1.60%
背景值/基准值		0.94	0.94	0.93	1.07	1	0.99	2.67	3.67	0.9
相关系数		0.75	0.73	0.9	0.93	0.93	0.78	0.5	0.52	0.89

Table 6 Physical geography of different geochemical landscapes in land quality geochemical survey area

景观分区	坡度/(°)	平均气温/℃	平均降水量/mm	变质岩占比/%	沉积岩占比/%	火成岩占比/%	第四系占比/%
岩溶景观区	11.70	17.1	1 392.3	1	92	2	5
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	8.51	15.2	1 261.2	9	45	24	22
热带雨林景观区	10.15	20.9	1 571.4	16	28	43	12
高山峡谷景观区	16.05	11.5	1 028.9	10	36	20	34
半干旱低山丘陵景观区	1.81	6.5	439.9	3	4	16	78
冲积平原景观区	0.91	12.2	817.4	1	3	2	93
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	0.88	9.9	146.7	0	6	0	94
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	8.32	3.2	349.8	10	22	11	57
黄土覆盖景观区	7.86	9.6	471.4	2	23	1	73
森林沼泽景观区	2.82	2.8	567.4	5	20	33	42

Table 7 Geochemical background value of 54 chemical indices of different geochemical landscapes

景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Ag	As		Au		B		Ba		Be		Bi		Br		Cd		Ce		Cl		Co		Cr		Cu		F
冲积平原景观区	0.07	9		0.001 5		48		538		2.1		0.3		3.4		0.13		70		81		12		66		22		507
森林沼泽景观区	0.08	9		0.001 1		33		626		2.4		0.32		4.5		0.1		72		66		13		62		21		456
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	0.08	7		0.001 5		49		471		2.1		0.4		2.8		0.17		81		62		12		63		23		484
热带雨林景观区	0.07	4		0.001 2		33		347		1.8		0.37		4.8		0.08		74		71		8		46		15		338
半干旱中低山景观区	0.07	7		0.001 2		32		603		1.9		0.24		2.9		0.12		61		69		11		57		20		446
岩溶景观区	0.09	15		0.001 6		72		316		2.3		0.52		4.8		0.51		91		50		18		93		34		675
黄土覆盖景观区	0.07	12		0.001 6		50		490		1.9		0.31		3		0.16		66		69		12		71		23		575
高山峡谷景观区	0.08	7		0.002		52		483		2.3		0.39		3		0.24		87		70		16		86		34		528
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	0.08	13		0.001 2		51		537		2		0.32		4.2		0.19		65		108		12		65		25		570
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	0.07	11		0.001 3		49		492		1.8		0.27		2.6		0.15		56		298		10		55		22		571
景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Ga	Ge		Hg		I		La		Li		Mn		Mo		N		Nb		Ni		P		Pb		Rb		S
冲积平原景观区	16	1.3		0.035		1.7		36		32		568		0.5		1 079		15		27		718		24		99		238
森林沼泽景观区	18	1.3		0.033		2.4		38		31		823		0.8		1 796		16		25		824		25		112		251
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	18	1.4		0.072		1.7		41		34		490		0.8		1 220		18		24		599		31		106		250
热带雨林景观区	18	1.4		0.043		3.5		35		19		431.5		0.9		1 030		17		14		489		28		119		186
半干旱中低山景观区	16	1.2		0.029		1.7		32		26		567		0.6		916		13		24		646		21		95		208
岩溶景观区	19	1.5		0.14		3.7		43		45		906		1.4		1 754		22		38		745		36		100		308
黄土覆盖景观区	15	1.2		0.027		1.8		35		35		622		0.8		720		14		30		732		21		93		226
高山峡谷景观区	20	1.5		0.056		1.7		43		34		713		0.8		1 474		21		34		789		31		114		220
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	15	1.2		0.022		2.1		34		34		695		0.9		1 173		14		28		871		23		102		378
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	14	1.2		0.019		1.2		28		31		597		0.7		615		11		25		754		19		90		501
景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Sb		Sc		Se		Sn		Sr		Th		Ti		Tl		U		V		W		Y		Zn		Zr
冲积平原景观区	0.79		11		0.19		3		184		12		4 103		0.6		2.3		80		1.7		25		63		258
森林沼泽景观区	0.62		11		0.21		3		178		12		4 721		0.6		2.6		86		1.8		26		67		265
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	0.73		10		0.27		4		66		14		4 498		0.7		2.9		81		2.1		27		74		282
热带雨林景观区	0.31		9		0.3		4		54		15		4 340		0.8		3.2		74		1.7		21		58		297
半干旱中低山景观区	0.64		10		0.16		3		213		10		3 828		0.6		1.8		72		1.2		21		59		266
岩溶景观区	1.56		14		0.51		4		58		15		6 073		0.7		3.9		126		2.2		31		106		295
黄土覆盖景观区	0.99		11		0.16		3		216		12		3 809		0.6		2.5		78		1.7		25		66		234
高山峡谷景观区	0.73		14		0.15		4		64		15		5 349.5		0.6		2.7		113		1.9		30		97		261
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	0.93		12		0.21		3		215		12		3 770		0.6		2.5		81		1.8		25		74		213
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	0.82		10		0.21		2		268		10		3 154		0.5		2.6		68		1.5		21		65		187
景观分区		不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/%																										pH
景观分区		SiO₂			Al₂O₃			TFe₂O₃		MgO			CaO			Na₂O			K₂O			TC			C_org			pH
冲积平原景观区		63.9			12.75			4.48		1.6			2.15			1.5			2.38			1.6			1			7.96
森林沼泽景观区		65.2			13.87			4.72		1.19			1.27			1.6			2.48			2.2			2.1			5.88
湿润半湿润中低山景观区		67.3			14.2			4.4		0.81			0.4			0.5			2.34			1.4			1.2			5.48
热带雨林景观区		66.3			14.835			4.2		0.48			0.21			0.2			2.4			1.2			1.2			5.38
半干旱中低山景观区		65.1			12.68			4.12		1.41			2.18			2			2.61			1.2			0.9			8
岩溶景观区		64.6			14.78			6		0.94			0.55			0.2			1.82			1.9			1.7			6.09
黄土覆盖景观区		57.5			11.63			4.39		2.22			7.4			1.7			2.3			2.2			0.7			8.34
高山峡谷景观区		60.2			16.1			5.82		1.35			0.6			0.5			2.45			1.7			1.5			5.63
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区		57.6			12.07			4.69		2.31			6.47			1.7			2.5			2.8			1.1			8.19
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区		58			11.08			3.9		2.61			7.22			1.9			2.34			2			0.6			8.39

Table 7 Geochemical background value of 54 chemical indices of different geochemical landscapes

景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Ag	As		Au		B		Ba		Be		Bi		Br		Cd		Ce		Cl		Co		Cr		Cu		F
冲积平原景观区	0.07	9		0.001 5		48		538		2.1		0.3		3.4		0.13		70		81		12		66		22		507
森林沼泽景观区	0.08	9		0.001 1		33		626		2.4		0.32		4.5		0.1		72		66		13		62		21		456
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	0.08	7		0.001 5		49		471		2.1		0.4		2.8		0.17		81		62		12		63		23		484
热带雨林景观区	0.07	4		0.001 2		33		347		1.8		0.37		4.8		0.08		74		71		8		46		15		338
半干旱中低山景观区	0.07	7		0.001 2		32		603		1.9		0.24		2.9		0.12		61		69		11		57		20		446
岩溶景观区	0.09	15		0.001 6		72		316		2.3		0.52		4.8		0.51		91		50		18		93		34		675
黄土覆盖景观区	0.07	12		0.001 6		50		490		1.9		0.31		3		0.16		66		69		12		71		23		575
高山峡谷景观区	0.08	7		0.002		52		483		2.3		0.39		3		0.24		87		70		16		86		34		528
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	0.08	13		0.001 2		51		537		2		0.32		4.2		0.19		65		108		12		65		25		570
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	0.07	11		0.001 3		49		492		1.8		0.27		2.6		0.15		56		298		10		55		22		571
景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Ga	Ge		Hg		I		La		Li		Mn		Mo		N		Nb		Ni		P		Pb		Rb		S
冲积平原景观区	16	1.3		0.035		1.7		36		32		568		0.5		1 079		15		27		718		24		99		238
森林沼泽景观区	18	1.3		0.033		2.4		38		31		823		0.8		1 796		16		25		824		25		112		251
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	18	1.4		0.072		1.7		41		34		490		0.8		1 220		18		24		599		31		106		250
热带雨林景观区	18	1.4		0.043		3.5		35		19		431.5		0.9		1 030		17		14		489		28		119		186
半干旱中低山景观区	16	1.2		0.029		1.7		32		26		567		0.6		916		13		24		646		21		95		208
岩溶景观区	19	1.5		0.14		3.7		43		45		906		1.4		1 754		22		38		745		36		100		308
黄土覆盖景观区	15	1.2		0.027		1.8		35		35		622		0.8		720		14		30		732		21		93		226
高山峡谷景观区	20	1.5		0.056		1.7		43		34		713		0.8		1 474		21		34		789		31		114		220
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	15	1.2		0.022		2.1		34		34		695		0.9		1 173		14		28		871		23		102		378
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	14	1.2		0.019		1.2		28		31		597		0.7		615		11		25		754		19		90		501
景观分区	不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/(μg·g^-1)
景观分区	Sb		Sc		Se		Sn		Sr		Th		Ti		Tl		U		V		W		Y		Zn		Zr
冲积平原景观区	0.79		11		0.19		3		184		12		4 103		0.6		2.3		80		1.7		25		63		258
森林沼泽景观区	0.62		11		0.21		3		178		12		4 721		0.6		2.6		86		1.8		26		67		265
湿润半湿润中低山景观区	0.73		10		0.27		4		66		14		4 498		0.7		2.9		81		2.1		27		74		282
热带雨林景观区	0.31		9		0.3		4		54		15		4 340		0.8		3.2		74		1.7		21		58		297
半干旱中低山景观区	0.64		10		0.16		3		213		10		3 828		0.6		1.8		72		1.2		21		59		266
岩溶景观区	1.56		14		0.51		4		58		15		6 073		0.7		3.9		126		2.2		31		106		295
黄土覆盖景观区	0.99		11		0.16		3		216		12		3 809		0.6		2.5		78		1.7		25		66		234
高山峡谷景观区	0.73		14		0.15		4		64		15		5 349.5		0.6		2.7		113		1.9		30		97		261
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区	0.93		12		0.21		3		215		12		3 770		0.6		2.5		81		1.8		25		74		213
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区	0.82		10		0.21		2		268		10		3 154		0.5		2.6		68		1.5		21		65		187
景观分区		不同地球化学景观区背景值w_B/%																										pH
景观分区		SiO₂			Al₂O₃			TFe₂O₃		MgO			CaO			Na₂O			K₂O			TC			C_org			pH
冲积平原景观区		63.9			12.75			4.48		1.6			2.15			1.5			2.38			1.6			1			7.96
森林沼泽景观区		65.2			13.87			4.72		1.19			1.27			1.6			2.48			2.2			2.1			5.88
湿润半湿润中低山景观区		67.3			14.2			4.4		0.81			0.4			0.5			2.34			1.4			1.2			5.48
热带雨林景观区		66.3			14.835			4.2		0.48			0.21			0.2			2.4			1.2			1.2			5.38
半干旱中低山景观区		65.1			12.68			4.12		1.41			2.18			2			2.61			1.2			0.9			8
岩溶景观区		64.6			14.78			6		0.94			0.55			0.2			1.82			1.9			1.7			6.09
黄土覆盖景观区		57.5			11.63			4.39		2.22			7.4			1.7			2.3			2.2			0.7			8.34
高山峡谷景观区		60.2			16.1			5.82		1.35			0.6			0.5			2.45			1.7			1.5			5.63
干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区		57.6			12.07			4.69		2.31			6.47			1.7			2.5			2.8			1.1			8.19
堆积戈壁沙漠景观区		58			11.08			3.9		2.61			7.22			1.9			2.34			2			0.6			8.39

Table 8 Relevant parameter of soil geochemical background in Chinese arable land

Table 9 Relevant parameter of soil geochemical baseline in Chinese arable land

Fig.4 Comparison of geochemical background values of some elements in cultivated soil with relevant standards

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