Thermal analysis of ultra-deep layers and its influence on reservoir utilization in platform area, Tarim Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.25

Abstract

Abstract:

The temperature field is one of the key factors restricting the development of effective reservoirs, however, few studies have focused on the thermal evolution of ultra-deep reservoirs and its influence on reservoir performance in the Tarim Basin. In this paper, the paleothermal history of the Tarim Basin platform area since the Phanerozoic are investigated by vitrinite reflectance modeling using well logs from new wells. The heat flow in the basin platform area has decreased gradually since the Early Paleozoic, from 45-65 to 32-45 mW/m², and peaked briefly to ~46-62 mW/m² during the Early Permian in some areas. Combined with the burial history, the thermal history of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs and the distribution characteristics of key tectonic events are revealed, and the differential evolution of temperature field in different tectonic units and the main controlling factors are analyzed. The Ordovician reservoirs experienced slow heating then rapid heating processes. The reservoir cooling characteristics, i.e., planar cooling from the central area to the north and south sides during the key tectonic episodes, matches the hydrocarbon phase behavior, except for the local high anomaly during the Early Permian. The temperature field conditions for effective reservoir development in the platform area are discussed through building the temperature field and porosity evolution models. The phase behavior of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs is strongly influenced by temperature and pressure, where not only the reservoir temperature can affect pore space for oil/gas charging, but also the long-term low-temperature, high-pressure environment is beneficial to the preservation of liquid hydrocarbons. This study helps to clarify the thermal evolution process of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the platform area of the Tarim Basin, and provides a reference for the next stage of hydrocarbon exploration.

Key words: ultra-deep carbonate rock, temperature field, Tarim Basin, hydrocarbon accumulation, petroleum geology

CLC Number:

P618.13

LI Dan, CHANG Jian, QIU Nansheng, XIONG Yujie. Thermal analysis of ultra-deep layers and its influence on reservoir utilization in platform area, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 135-149.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Structural unit divisions (a) and SN-trending structure profile (b) in the platform of the Tarim Basin. amodified from the references [21-22]; b adapted from the reference [23].

Table 1 The erosion thickness of typical wells in the platform of the Tarim Basin during different period (Complied from references [10,38⇓⇓-41])

地质时期	剥蚀厚度/m
地质时期	LT1井		SB1井		ST1井		TZ62井
奥陶纪末期	1 530	130		50		250
志留纪末期		260		200		260
泥盆纪末期		20		20		150
石炭纪末期	450	210		80		380
二叠纪末期	150	40		200		470
三叠纪末期	50	350		100		1 000
侏罗纪末期	450
白垩纪末期	550	190		170		150
古近纪末期	50	20		20		20

Fig.2 Requ-depth profiles of different tectonic units in the platform, Tarim Basin (Complied from references [9⇓-11,38,46-47])

Fig.3 Burial, thermal, and heat flow histories of Well SB1

Fig.4 Burial and thermal histories of typical wells in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.5 Heat flow history of typical wells in the Aman transitional zone

Fig.6 Heat flow history of typical wells in the Tabei Uplift

Fig.7 Heat flow history of typical wells in the Tazhong Bulge

Fig.8 Temperature evolution of Ordovician reservoirs of typical wells in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.9 Temperature plane distribution characteristics of Yijianfang Formation reservoirs at the end of the Silurian in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.10 Temperature plane distribution characteristics of Yijianfang Formation reservoirs at the end of the Permian in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.11 Temperature plane distribution characteristics of Yijianfang Formation reservoirs at the end of the Triassic in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.12 Temperature plane distribution characteristics of Yijianfang Formation reservoirs at the present-day in the platform of the Tarim Basin

Fig.13 Evolution of heat flow since the Early Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin (Complied from reference [9,11⇓⇓⇓⇓-16])

Table 2 Comparison of temperature and pressure in typical deep carbonate oil and gas reservoirs

温度场特征	塔北隆起	阿满过渡带北部	阿满过渡带中部	塔中凸起
油气相态	轻质油	挥发油	凝析气	挥发油
油/气藏温度/℃	162	140	187	126
温度演化	缓慢升温—快速升温	缓慢升温—异常高温— 缓慢升温—快速升温	缓慢升温—异常高温— 缓慢升温—快速升温	缓慢升温—快速升温
现今压力/MPa	53.5	65	138~172	55
现今压力系数	0.9	1.0	1.8~2.2	1.2
压力演化	常压	常压—弱超压—常压— 弱超压—常压	常压—强超压	常压—弱超压—常压
代表井	LT1	SB1	ST1	TZ62

Fig.14 Temperature evolution characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician in the platform of the Tarim Basin

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