3D model of mineral interior tight sandstone reservoir and distribution of fracture dessert: Taking 2nd Xujiahe Formation outcrop section in western Sichuan Basin as an example

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.7.17

Abstract

Abstract:

Distributary channel sandbodies are extensively developed in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin. However, the distribution pattern of sweet spots within such tight sandstone(micro)fractured reservoirs remains unclear. This study integrates digital outcrop data from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography, intensive physical sampling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and laboratory data to characterize the outcrop architecture of the tight sandstone, precisely model the reservoir architecture, quantify the 3D mineral distribution, and map the spatial distribution of (micro) fracture networks. During the process, key technologies employed include UAV oblique photography for digital outcrop modeling, SEM-EDS analysis, hierarchical analysis, and 3D geological modeling. The results demonstrate that: (1) The 3D coordinate system established from the collected and processed UAV oblique photography data volume is fully coupled with high-precision image information. This approach not only achieves the 3D digitalization, visualization and quantification of outcrop geological information, but also provides a data foundation for characterizing 3D microscale mineral heterogeneity. (2) The profile sandbody architecture features thick-bedded, sheet-shaped stacking patterns with poorly developed muddy intercalations. A quantitative 3D distribution model of quartz, feldspar, cuttings, dolomite, and calcite was generated using stochastic simulation algorithms, revealing differential microscale mineral distribution characteristics. (3) Analysis of sweet-spot characteristics in the (micro) fractured reservoirs indicates that the quartz and calcite content exhibit a high correlation with (micro) fracture development, representing a key factor in high-quality sweet-spot formation. These integrated technologies enable the quantitative characterization of outcrop heterogeneity and hold significant potential for guiding the exploration and development of sweet spots in (micro) fractured tight sandstone reservoirs.

Key words: tight sandstone, UAV oblique photography, fracture, quantitative 3D model of minerals, sweet spot reservoirs, outcrop section of Gongnong town

CLC Number:

P618.13

YIN Senlin, LIN Shaoling, HU Zhangming, ZHAO Junwei, YANG Yingtao, ZHANG Ling, CHEN Gongyang, CHEN Weichang. 3D model of mineral interior tight sandstone reservoir and distribution of fracture dessert: Taking 2^nd Xujiahe Formation outcrop section in western Sichuan Basin as an example[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 404-416.

Figures/Tables 12

References 36

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序号	钾长石含量/ %	石英含量/ %	斜长石含量/ %	白云石含量/ %	方解石含量/ %	铁白云石含量/%	硅质类矿物含量/%	钙质类矿物含量/%	黏土矿物含量/%	单位面积裂缝条数/ cm²	单位面积裂缝长度/ (mm·cm^-2)	裂缝宽度/ μm	孔隙度/ %
1	0.88	25.21	1.03	10.39	58.11	0.55	27.12	69.05	2.32	804	518.73	388.52	1.49
2	0.85	21.74	0.88	2.07	69.86	0.28	23.47	72.21	2.61	1 500	459.63	154.85	3.43
3	0.65	28.4	0.64	11.84	55.66	0.16	29.69	67.66	1.93	400	405.01	662.9	1.13
4	0.94	34.37	0.82	14.2	44.07	0.12	36.13	58.39	4.25	459	407.49	579.44	1.86
5	0.76	26.69	0.67	10.95	57.67	0.22	28.12	68.84	2.06	348	430.79	833.17	1.61
6	0.83	26.4	0.72	11.27	57.75	0.16	27.95	69.18	2.11	762	491.89	386.22	1.48
7	1.3	37.45	0.79	9.62	44.33	0.17	39.54	54.12	4.92	717	356.82	278.48	3.48
8	1.16	40.66	0.98	7.98	40.98	0.16	42.8	49.12	6.58	735	419.94	341.16	1.83
9	1.03	31.79	0.81	12.31	42.62	0.07	33.63	55	9.3	1 014	364.79	173.51	5.33
10	1.38	30.22	0.74	6.14	54.31	0.4	32.34	60.85	5.18	1 088	398.27	186.49	7.7
11	1.05	26.25	0.73	10.63	56.87	0.34	28.03	67.84	3.21	332	430.39	894.08	1.19
12	1.22	30.55	0.85	11.8	50	0.19	32.62	61.99	4.23	456	474.83	691.66	1.49
13	1.1	30.75	0.89	12.95	48.6	0.13	32.74	61.68	4.34	439	423.57	632.84	1.5
14	0.46	25	0.49	9.98	58.99	0.07	25.95	69.04	4.05	383	391.66	693.03	1.16
15	1.24	23.39	0.79	7.67	62.79	0.18	25.42	70.64	2.98	231	385.88	1 201.39	1.12
16	2	24.46	0.83	6.89	51.39	0.78	27.29	59.06	8.35	472	428.36	584.89	1.27
17	1.32	26.77	0.86	9.78	55.94	0.16	28.95	65.88	4	353	426.62	836.34	1.41
18	1.3	30.96	0.52	0.36	58.92	0.16	32.78	59.44	5.83	1 493	449.33	144.3	3.91
19	0.3	24.35	0.4	7.74	61.8	0.06	25.05	69.6	4.52	549	452.42	519.44	1.47
20	0.97	27.69	0.81	10.37	56.14	0.16	29.47	66.67	3.03	361	417.64	798.18	1.22

序号	钾长石含量/ %	石英含量/ %	斜长石含量/ %	白云石含量/ %	方解石含量/ %	铁白云石含量/%	硅质类矿物含量/%	钙质类矿物含量/%	黏土矿物含量/%	单位面积裂缝条数/ cm²	单位面积裂缝长度/ (mm·cm^-2)	裂缝宽度/ μm	孔隙度/ %
1	0.88	25.21	1.03	10.39	58.11	0.55	27.12	69.05	2.32	804	518.73	388.52	1.49
2	0.85	21.74	0.88	2.07	69.86	0.28	23.47	72.21	2.61	1 500	459.63	154.85	3.43
3	0.65	28.4	0.64	11.84	55.66	0.16	29.69	67.66	1.93	400	405.01	662.9	1.13
4	0.94	34.37	0.82	14.2	44.07	0.12	36.13	58.39	4.25	459	407.49	579.44	1.86
5	0.76	26.69	0.67	10.95	57.67	0.22	28.12	68.84	2.06	348	430.79	833.17	1.61
6	0.83	26.4	0.72	11.27	57.75	0.16	27.95	69.18	2.11	762	491.89	386.22	1.48
7	1.3	37.45	0.79	9.62	44.33	0.17	39.54	54.12	4.92	717	356.82	278.48	3.48
8	1.16	40.66	0.98	7.98	40.98	0.16	42.8	49.12	6.58	735	419.94	341.16	1.83
9	1.03	31.79	0.81	12.31	42.62	0.07	33.63	55	9.3	1 014	364.79	173.51	5.33
10	1.38	30.22	0.74	6.14	54.31	0.4	32.34	60.85	5.18	1 088	398.27	186.49	7.7
11	1.05	26.25	0.73	10.63	56.87	0.34	28.03	67.84	3.21	332	430.39	894.08	1.19
12	1.22	30.55	0.85	11.8	50	0.19	32.62	61.99	4.23	456	474.83	691.66	1.49
13	1.1	30.75	0.89	12.95	48.6	0.13	32.74	61.68	4.34	439	423.57	632.84	1.5
14	0.46	25	0.49	9.98	58.99	0.07	25.95	69.04	4.05	383	391.66	693.03	1.16
15	1.24	23.39	0.79	7.67	62.79	0.18	25.42	70.64	2.98	231	385.88	1 201.39	1.12
16	2	24.46	0.83	6.89	51.39	0.78	27.29	59.06	8.35	472	428.36	584.89	1.27
17	1.32	26.77	0.86	9.78	55.94	0.16	28.95	65.88	4	353	426.62	836.34	1.41
18	1.3	30.96	0.52	0.36	58.92	0.16	32.78	59.44	5.83	1 493	449.33	144.3	3.91
19	0.3	24.35	0.4	7.74	61.8	0.06	25.05	69.6	4.52	549	452.42	519.44	1.47
20	0.97	27.69	0.81	10.37	56.14	0.16	29.47	66.67	3.03	361	417.64	798.18	1.22

井号	测试层位	测试方式	流压/ MPa	产气量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	产水量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	无阻流量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	试气结论
新场6井	须二段2砂组	射孔	70.64	3.79	120.96	24.05	低产含气水层
新场8井	须二段2、3砂组	中途测试		25.06		33.21	工业气层
新场10井	须二段4砂组	射孔	38.77	10.33	1.15	13.38	低产含气水层

井号	测试层位	测试方式	流压/ MPa	产气量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	产水量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	无阻流量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	试气结论
新场6井	须二段2砂组	射孔	70.64	3.79	120.96	24.05	低产含气水层
新场8井	须二段2、3砂组	中途测试		25.06		33.21	工业气层
新场10井	须二段4砂组	射孔	38.77	10.33	1.15	13.38	低产含气水层