Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 151-170.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.15
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Received:
2022-12-08
Revised:
2023-01-19
Online:
2023-09-25
Published:
2023-10-20
CLC Number:
YANG Shuang, WANG Rui. Research progress on the mechanism for the formation of Nb-Ta deposits by fractionation and enrichment and method development for columbite-tantalite analysis—a review[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(5): 151-170.
Fig.3 Niobium-tantalum metallogenic epochs in major Nb-Ta metallogenic belts of China. Blocks indicate the age ranges of granite type Li-Be-Nb-Ta deposits in orogenic belts (blue borders) and rare earth-niobium deposits in alkaline and carbonate rocks in continental margin faults or rifts (yellow borders). Modified after [11].
中文名 | 英文名 | 化学式 | 含量/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ta2O5 | Nb2O5 | |||
铌铁矿族矿物(包括铌铁矿、 钽铁矿、铌锰矿、钽锰矿) | Columbite group minerals | (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 | 1.4~86.2 | 2.0~78.7 |
重钽铁矿 | Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | 65.7~84.0 | 1.2~1.4 |
烧绿石-细晶石 | Pyrochlore-microlite | (Na,Ca)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6(F,OH) | 0~83.5 | 0~75.1 |
锡锰钽矿 | Wodginite | (Ta,Nb,Sn,Mn,Fe,Ti)O2 | 69.6 | 8.4 |
褐钇铌矿 | Fergusonite | YNbO4 | 2.5~17.0 | 33.6~47.0 |
易解石 | Aeschynite | (Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | 0~6.9 | 23.8~32.5 |
铈铌钙钛矿 | Loparite | (Ce,Na,Ca)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6 | 0.8 | 16.2 |
铌铁金红石 | Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb,Fe)O2 | 0.4~14.9 | 0.9~43.0 |
Table 1 Chemical composition of common Nb-Ta-bearing minerals. Adapted from [51,71].
中文名 | 英文名 | 化学式 | 含量/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ta2O5 | Nb2O5 | |||
铌铁矿族矿物(包括铌铁矿、 钽铁矿、铌锰矿、钽锰矿) | Columbite group minerals | (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 | 1.4~86.2 | 2.0~78.7 |
重钽铁矿 | Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | 65.7~84.0 | 1.2~1.4 |
烧绿石-细晶石 | Pyrochlore-microlite | (Na,Ca)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6(F,OH) | 0~83.5 | 0~75.1 |
锡锰钽矿 | Wodginite | (Ta,Nb,Sn,Mn,Fe,Ti)O2 | 69.6 | 8.4 |
褐钇铌矿 | Fergusonite | YNbO4 | 2.5~17.0 | 33.6~47.0 |
易解石 | Aeschynite | (Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | 0~6.9 | 23.8~32.5 |
铈铌钙钛矿 | Loparite | (Ce,Na,Ca)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6 | 0.8 | 16.2 |
铌铁金红石 | Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb,Fe)O2 | 0.4~14.9 | 0.9~43.0 |
Fig.4 Quadrilateral diagram of columbite-group minerals. Base map adapted from [45,72]; data adapted from [20,27,45] and from authors’ unpublished data.
熔体铝饱和指数 (ASI) | (mol2·kg-2) | (mol2·kg-2) |
---|---|---|
1.22(过铝质) | 1.7×10-4 | 4.6×10-4 |
1.02(准铝质) | 1.2×10-4 | 2.6×10-4 |
0.64(过碱性) | 202×10-4 | 255×10-4 |
Table 2 Solubility of niobium and tantalum in granitic melts at 800 ℃ and 200 MPa. Adaped from [23].
熔体铝饱和指数 (ASI) | (mol2·kg-2) | (mol2·kg-2) |
---|---|---|
1.22(过铝质) | 1.7×10-4 | 4.6×10-4 |
1.02(准铝质) | 1.2×10-4 | 2.6×10-4 |
0.64(过碱性) | 202×10-4 | 255×10-4 |
Fig.6 (a) Mg-Na-Ti ternary classification diagram of muscovite (Ms), and (b) evolution of Nb/Ta ratios for whole rock (WR) samples from different peraluminous granites against average value of MgO/(Na2O+TiO2) ratios of their secondary micas.Modified after [81-82].
Fig.8 Schematic illustration of rare-metal fractional crystallization and enrichment in granite during magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of the Yashan pluton. Modified after [100].
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