Mineralogical and chronological characteristics of the Huoyangou pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit in Guanpo, eastern Qinling

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.13

Abstract

Abstract:

East Qinling is an important pegmatite mining area and Li-Be-Nb-Ta-U pegmatite belt in China. The mineralization of the Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit is unique to this region. This study investigates the mineralogy, zircon/cassiterite U-Pb geochronology, and Hf isotope of the Huoyangou pegmatite to clarify the rare-metal occurrence in and the formation epoch of the Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit. The genetic relationship between the ore-bearing pegmatites and Paleozoic granites in the region is then discussed to provide a basis for the mineralization of pegmatite-hosted rare metals in East Qinling. The Huoyangou pegmatite is composed of feldspars (mainly oligoclase, orthoclase), micas (mainly Fe-rich biotite, Muscovite), apatite (mainly fluorapatite), and tourmaline (mainly schorlite). The pegmatite is weakly differentiated compared to Li/Be pegmatites in the area, indicated by its weak zonal texture and the composition of micas and columbite-group minerals. The zircon U-Pb age ((424±2.5) Ma) and cassiterite U-Pb ages ((420.1±2.4) Ma and (420.6±3.2) Ma) for the pegmatite indicate its diagenetic and formation age is between 424-420 Ma, which is consistent with the formation age of rare-metal/uranium deposits in East Qinling. The zircon ε_Hf(t) value (-5.8--4.16) and the two-stage model age (2341-2194 Ma) indicate the pegmatite is sourced from Proterozoic crust. This suggests that East Qinling pegmatites are similar to regional Late Silurian peraluminous magmas but different from the Paleozoic Huichizi pluton in terms of their source areas. Therefore, there may be no direct genetic relationship between East Qinling pegmatites and the Huichizi pluton. The Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit enriches the rare-metal mineralization types in East Qinling pegmatites and demonstrates great Sn resource potential in East Qinling.

Key words: zircon/cassiterite U-Pb ages, zircon Lu-Hf isotope, mineral composition, pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit, East Qinling

CLC Number:

CHEN Lei, NIE Xiao, LIU Kai, PANG Xuyong, ZHANG Yingli. Mineralogical and chronological characteristics of the Huoyangou pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit in Guanpo, eastern Qinling[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(5): 40-58.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 Location of East Qinling and distribution of pegmatite dykes and main pegmatite rare-metal and uranium deposits in East Qinling. Modified from [1,33].

Fig.2 Geological sketch map of the Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit. Modified after [34].

Fig.3 Textural patterns and mineral occurrence in the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.4 Main metallic minerals in the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 1 Representative results of electron microprobe analysis of feldspars from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.5 Or-Ab-An ternary classification diagram of feldspars, showing the chemical variability of feldspar minerals in the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 2 RepresentativeEMP analysis results for micas from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.6 Classification (a, base map after [41]) and substitution (b, modified from [42]) diagrams of micas from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 3 Representative EMP analysis results for apatite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

样品来源	w_B/%								原子数
样品来源	P₂O₅	CaO	Al₂O₃	FeO	Na₂O	F	F=-O	总量	P	Ca	Al	Fe	Na	F
钠长石- 石英伟晶岩	42.37	54.63	0.00	0.08	0.04	2.19	0.92	100.23	6.02	10.49	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.22
	42.13	55.49	0.01	0.00	0.07	2.26	0.95	100.91	6.28	10.47	0.00	0.00	0.02	1.26
	40.17	55.16	0.02	0.02	0.04	3.34	1.40	100.15	5.99	10.48	0.00	0.00	0.02	1.86
	42.41	54.64	0.00	0.04	0.04	1.93	0.81	99.87	6.32	10.49	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.08
白云母-钠长石- 石英伟晶岩	42.07	55.58	0.02	0.03	0.08	3.60	1.52	99.86	5.99	10.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	1.91
	42.14	54.9	0.02	0.05	0.04	3.66	1.54	99.27	6.02	9.93	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.95
	41.96	55.02	0.02	0.04	0.00	3.34	1.41	98.97	6.01	9.97	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.79
	42.33	54.99	0.00	0.02	0.00	3.61	1.52	99.43	6.03	9.92	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.92
	41.92	54.88	0.02	0.12	0.00	3.66	1.54	99.10	6.01	9.95	0.00	0.02	0.00	1.96
	41.85	55.88	0.03	0.10	0.06	3.64	1.53	100.07	5.96	10.07	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.94
	41.78	55.26	0.00	0.13	0.09	3.40	1.43	99.23	5.98	10.01	0.00	0.02	0.03	1.82
	41.62	55.32	0.05	0.1	0.05	3.58	1.51	99.21	5.97	10.04	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.92
	42.32	54.93	0.03	0.11	0.06	3.51	1.48	99.48	6.03	9.90	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.87
	42.14	55.67	0.02	0.07	0.00	3.67	1.55	100.02	5.99	10.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.95

Table 4 Representative EMP analysis results for tourmalir ne from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.7 Classification diagram of tourmaline (a, b) and major elements substitution trends (c-h)

Table 5 Representative EMPanalysis results for columbite-tantalite and wolframixiolite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.8 Classification diagram showing the mineral chemistry of columbite-group minerals from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 6 Results of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.9 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 7 Results of LA-ICP-MSU-Pb dating of cassiter ite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.10 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of cassiterite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

Table 8 Results of Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from t the Huoyangou pegmatite

Fig.11 Hf isotopic composition of zircons across the East Qinling area

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