Superimposition and composition control on hydrocarbon reservoirs in multi-cycle basins: Concept and practice in conventional and unconventional natural gas explorations

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.38

Abstract

Abstract:

The Sichuan basin is a typical multi-cycle sedimentary basin in China and an important natural gas base with a large number of conventional, tight-sandstone and shale gas fields. The whole-basin, trans-stratum gas-bearing reservoirs are formed by predominantly vertical superimposition of marine, marine to non-marine transitional and continental strata with horizontal tectonic subdivision, and multi-cycle tectonic superimposition and modification in the vertical direction. In this study, the Puguang gas field, Fuling shale gas field, and Zhongjiang tight-sandstone gas filed are taken as examples to demonstrate the concept of superimposition and composition control on oil/gas pool formation—i.e., in superimposed basins every controlling factor affecting oil and gas accumulation and enrichment is controlled by many interrelated elements. Such factors not only increase in number with time but also are superimposed in space; and by unknown mechanism geological unites can combine together, such as structural and lithological bodies, and structural and stratigraphic traps. In general, superimposition controls oil and gas formation and evolution while composition controls oil and gas accumulation and position, and this rule applies to all large gas fields in the Sichuan basin. Therefore, further understanding of the superimposition and composition control in multi-cycle basins is of great significance for guiding oil and gas exploration research and practice in the Sichuan basin. This article systematically analyzes and summarizes the rule of hydrocarbon formation, accumulation and enrichment in large gas fields in the Sichuan basin. And, based on the exploration and development status of the Sichuan basin and multi-cycle characteristics three key research areas are proposed: (1)Tectono-paleogeography research aiming to clarify the superimposition and composition relationships between tectonic pattern, reservoir, hydrocarbon-source and trap-space, and their control over pool formation; (2)Regional tectonic evolution research towards better understanding the multi-cycle tectonic superposition process and its control on oil and gas generation and enrichment; (3)Structural classification and reservoir controlling research towards fine structural classification and better understanding the multi-stage structural control on gas-water relationship, hydrocarbon enrichment and reservoir transformation.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, multi-cycle sedimentary basins, gas field, superimposition and composition control on pool formation

CLC Number:

P618.13

GUO Tonglou. Superimposition and composition control on hydrocarbon reservoirs in multi-cycle basins: Concept and practice in conventional and unconventional natural gas explorations[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(6): 109-119.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Distribution of the main giant gas fields in Sichuan Basin

Fig.2 Comprehensive column diagram of the tectono-stratigraphy in Sichuan Basin

Fig.3 Structural map on the top gas interval of Puguang gas field

Fig.4 Changxing Formation dolomites in Puguang 2 well (PPL, 40×). Left no bitumen filling, right plenty of bitumen.

Fig.5 3-D geometry variation of Feixianguan Formation with time in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure

Fig.6 Bitumen content and paleo-oil-and-water contact recognition of Puguang-8 well (A) and Puguang-2 well (B) in the Puguang gas field

Fig.7 Pool-formation model of the Fuling shale gas field. Modified after [34].

Fig.8 Evolution of the absorbed gas and the free gas

Fig.9 Fault and sandstone body distribution in Zhongjiang gas field

Fig.10 Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation gas accumulation model typically of controlling of superimposition and composition on the pool-formation in Zhongjiang gas field. Modified after [36].

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