A review on the dating techniques for mountain hazards-induced sediments

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.7

Abstract

Abstract:

Chronology of mountain hazard events is the foundation for understanding hazard mechanisms and making hazard predictions. On the long timescale, the conventional dating methods include OSL, ¹⁴C, cosmogenic nuclides, tephrochronometry, etc.; on the short timescale, dendrochronology is normally used, supplemented by lichenometry. The selection of a specific technique depends on the availability of dating materials in the field. In order to enhance the reliability of dating results, cross-checking by different techniques is essential whenever dating materials are available. The field sampling should meet the age determination task for hazard events as well as the chronological requirements, thus researchers carrying out hazard and dating studies should collaborate routinely in the field during sample collection. We summarize here the routines and key points of related dating methods in order to provide some instructions for laboratory work and field trips. In particular, we emphasize the role of OSL and ¹⁴C techniques in dating mountain hazard sediments, as they are the most widely used dating methods at present. We suggest replicating dating results for critical sediment layers as an effective and practical way to assess the impact of OSL partial bleaching: If replication provides similar ages within error, the partial bleaching could be minor or negligible. OSL is ideal for dating dammed lake deposits which is the common recorder of mountain hazards. For ¹⁴C dating, the saturation age is mostly between 25-35 ka BP regardless of the dating materials, indicating that age falling into this range or beyond should be taken with caution.

Key words: mountain hazards, selection of dating techniques, sampling strategy in the field

CLC Number:

P694

LAI Zhongping, YANG Anna, CONG Lu, LIU Weiming, WANG Hao. A review on the dating techniques for mountain hazards-induced sediments[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 1-18.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Frequency-magnitude diagram of landslide and dam break events. Modified after [10].

Fig.2 Abanico plots showing different single-grain De distributions for fluvial depositions of (a) weathered and (b) partially weathered materials. Modified after [28].

Fig.3 OSL and 14C dating results for the Gega Dammed Lake at the upstream entrance of the Yarlung Zangbo River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Modified after [61].

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of 14C dating. Modified after [12].

Fig.5 Accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides in a non-eroding surface. Modified after [115].

Fig.6 (a) Normal and (b) landslide tilted Norway spruce showing stem deformations and tree-ring structure developed under gravity. Modified after [156].

Fig.7 Deposition model of the landalide-dammed lake-megaflood hazard chain event. Modified after [177,178,179].

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