塔里木盆地西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰期事件

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.6.30

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 356-380.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.6.30

塔里木盆地西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰期事件

李王鹏¹(), 李慧莉¹, 王毅¹, 刘少峰², 张仲培¹, 杨伟利¹, 蔡习尧¹, 钱涛³, 李晓剑⁴

1.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
4.东华理工大学地球科学学院, 江西南昌 330013

收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-06-30 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
作者简介:李王鹏(1986—),男,博士,副研究员,构造地质学专业,主要从事含油气盆地构造分析及新元古代冰期事件等方面研究。E-mail: liwp.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41902149);国家自然科学基金项目(41702238);中国石化科技部项目(P17046-3)

Neoproterozoic glaciations in Yecheng area, southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin

LI Wangpeng¹(), LI Huili¹, WANG Yi¹, LIU Shaofeng², ZHANG Zhongpei¹, YANG Weili¹, CAI Xiyao¹, QIAN Tao³, LI Xiaojian⁴

1. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4. School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China

Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-06-30 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新元古代冰期事件记录了“雪球地球”事件重要的地质信息。塔里木盆地周缘新元古代冰碛岩地层露头发育,是研究新元古代冰期事件的理想基地。由于发育多套新元古代火山岩,盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区新元古代冰碛岩地层时代已获得较多年代学数据约束;但盆地周缘其他地区新元古代冰碛岩地层公开报道年代学数据较少,不能准确限定其沉积时代,导致冰期事件对比存在争论。为此,本文选择塔里木盆地研究程度较低的西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰碛岩地层,开展岩石学、同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究,明确其冰期沉积特征,约束其沉积时代,开展冰期事件对比,讨论古气候风化条件等。南华系波龙组和雨塘组冰碛岩地层具有较低的化学蚀变指数(CIA),分别代表新元古代2次寒冷的冰川气候记录。冰川沉积及其相邻层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学数据显示,波龙冰期的起始年龄晚于(710±13) Ma,与全球Sturtian冰期对应;雨塘冰期的起始年龄不会早于(656±18) Ma,其结束年龄可被南华系顶界年龄635 Ma或上覆震旦系库尔卡克组碎屑锆石年龄(634±9) Ma限定,与全球Marinoan冰期对应。

关键词: 冰碛岩, 同位素年代学, 雪球地球, 新元古代, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Neoproterozoic glacial events record significant geological information of the Snowball Earth. In the Tarim Basin Neoproterozoic outcrops are well developed along the basin margin, making it an ideal research base for studying Neoproterozoic glaciations. The age of the Neoproterozoic diamictite along the northeastern margin of the basin is constrained from a series of well developed Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Quruqtagh area; however, such constraints are lacking for other basin margin areas due to infrequent reporting of chronology data, which leads to disagreements when comparing glacial events. This project selects the minimally studied Neoproterozoic diamictite along the southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin to perform a multidisciplinary, comprehensive analysis of the mineral's petrology, isotopic chronology and lithogeochemistry of the deposit so as to determine its glacial deposition characteristics and deposition time as well as to better understand the paleoclimatic weathering conditions. The Nanhua Bolong and Sinian Yutang Formations with low CIA (chemical index of alteration) values represent two distinct episodes of Neoproterozoic glaciations. Detrital zircon U-Pb chronology of the glacial deposits and adjacent beds indicate the starting time of the Bolong glaciation is later than (710±13) Ma and corresponds to the global Sturtian glaciation, and the starting time of the Yutang glaciation is no earlier than (656±18) Ma while its termination time can be constrained by the age of the top boundary of the Nanhuan System (635 Ma) or the detrital zircon U-Pb age of the overlying Sinian System Kulkark Formation (634±9) Ma, which corresponds to the global Marinoan glaciation.

Key words: diamictite, isotopic geochronology, snowball Earth, Neoproterozoic, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

李王鹏, 李慧莉, 王毅, 刘少峰, 张仲培, 杨伟利, 蔡习尧, 钱涛, 李晓剑. 塔里木盆地西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰期事件[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 356-380.

LI Wangpeng, LI Huili, WANG Yi, LIU Shaofeng, ZHANG Zhongpei, YANG Weili, CAI Xiyao, QIAN Tao, LI Xiaojian. Neoproterozoic glaciations in Yecheng area, southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 356-380.

图/表 12

图1 叶城地区区域地质简图

Fig.1 Regional geological map of the Yecheng region

图2 叶城地区新元古界及CIA值

Fig.2 Stratigraphic columnar section of the Neoproterozoic and related CIA values for the Yecheng area

图3 叶城地区新元古界野外露头 a—波龙组冰碛岩与灰绿色硅质泥岩互层;b—波龙组冰碛岩中花岗质砾石;c—波龙组冰碛岩中燧石砾石;d—波龙组冰碛岩砾石发育冻裂纹;e—雨塘组冰碛岩层;f—克孜苏胡木组与塔哈奇组不整合接触。

Fig.3 Field photos of Neoproterozoic outcrops in the Yecheng area

表1 波龙组粉砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果(样品S17YT200)

Table 1 U-Pb dating results of detrital zircon from siltstone in the Bolong Formation ( sample S17 YT200)

表2 波龙组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果(样品S17YT205)

Table 2 U-Pb dating results of detrital zircon from sandstone in the Bolong Formation (sample S17 YT205)

表3 雨塘组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果(样品S17YT210)

Table 3 U-Pb dating results of detrital zircon from sandstone in the Yutang Formation (sample S17Y T210)

表4 库尔卡克组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果(样品S17YT207)

Table 4 U-Pb dating results of detrital zircon from siltstone in the Kurkak Formation ( sample S17 YT207)

图4 叶城地区新元古界样品碎屑锆石阴极发光图像

Fig.4 Representative cathodoluminescence images of detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic outcrops in Yecheng area

图5 叶城地区新元古界样品碎屑锆石U-Pb谐和图与年龄频谱图

Fig.5 Detrital zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams and age spectra for the Neoproterozoic outcrops in Yecheng area

表5 全岩主量元素化学分析及其CIA、ICV值

Table 5 Chemical analysis of total rock principal component and values of CIA and ICV

图6 叶城地区新元古界样品A-CN-K三角图(底图据文献[36]) A—x(Al2O3);CN—x(CaO*+Na2O);K—x(K2O)。Ka—高岭石;Gi—水铝石;Chl—绿泥石;Sm—蒙脱石;Ill—伊利石;Ms—白云母;Pl—斜长石;Kfs—钾长石;Cpx—单斜辉石;Hbl—普通角闪石;T—英云闪长岩;Gd—花岗闪长岩;G—花岗岩。

Fig.6 A-CN-K diagram for the Neoproterozoic outcrops in Yecheng area. Adapted from [36].

表6 新元古代冰期事件对比

Table 6 Comparison of Neoproterozoic glaciations

中国主要地区		Gaskies冰期 (583.7582.1 Ma)	Marinoan冰期 (651635 Ma)	Sturtian冰期 (718660 Ma)	Kaigas冰期 (757741 Ma)
塔里木盆地	库鲁克塔格地区^{[15⇓⇓-18,64]}	汉格尔乔克冰期 (615±6)(541±1) Ma	特瑞爱肯冰期 (642±8)(617±6) Ma	阿勒通沟冰期 (725±7)(655±4) Ma	贝义西冰期 (740±7)(732±7) Ma
	阿克苏地区^[10,21,70]		尤尔美那克冰期 (719±7)(615±5) Ma	巧恩布拉克冰期 (727±8)?Ma
	叶城地区(本文)		雨塘冰期 (656±18)635 Ma	波龙冰期 (710±13)?Ma
华南地区^{[60⇓⇓-63,72⇓-74]}			南沱冰期 (655±4)635 Ma	江口冰期 (716±3)(663±4) Ma
华北地区		罗圈冰期

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塔里木盆地西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰期事件

Neoproterozoic glaciations in Yecheng area, southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin

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