地学前缘 ›› 2018, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 276-284.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.yx.2017-5-9

• 环境地学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国淡水湖泊沉积物地球化学背景与环境质量基准建立的思考

李敏，成杭新，李括   

  1. 1. 中国地质科学院 地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 河北 廊坊 065000
    2. 中国地质调查局 土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 河北 廊坊 065000
    3. 中国地质调查局 地球表层碳汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 河北 廊坊 065000
    4. 中国地质科学院 地球表层碳汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 河北 廊坊 065000
    5. 中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-11 修回日期:2018-01-13 出版日期:2018-07-15 发布日期:2018-07-15
  • 作者简介:李敏(1983—)，女，博士研究生，地球化学专业。E-mail: limin0807@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局土地地球化学调查工程项目(1212010511218)

Geochemical background of freshwater lake sediments: a constraint on the establishment of sediment quality guidelines in China.

LI Min,CHENG Hangxin,LI Kuo   

  1. 1. Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
    2. Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earths Critical Zone, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China
    4. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earths Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
    5. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2017-03-11 Revised:2018-01-13 Online:2018-07-15 Published:2018-07-15

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摘要： 利用中国150余个淡水湖泊表层沉积物和深层沉积物的地球化学数据，采用中位数绝对中位差的方法统计获得了中国主要淡水湖泊沉积物的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、TN、TP、TOC及pH的地球化学背景值，为我国湖泊沉积物环境质量基准的建立和湖泊生态环境质量监管提供了重要依据。统计结果表明，我国表层湖泊沉积物中的As、Cd、Hg等重金属元素以及TP、TOC等发生了显著富集，显示出强烈的人类活动对湖泊沉积物环境质量的改变。在探讨国外环境质量基准值对我国淡水湖泊沉积物环境质量评价适应性的基础上，提出直接采用国外相关标准还不能客观评价我国湖泊沉积物的污染程度和生态风险，应充分考虑我国湖泊沉积物的地球化学背景，建立适应我国情况的沉积物环境质量基准。

关键词: 地球化学背景, 淡水湖泊, 沉积物, 环境质量基准

Abstract: The National MultiPurpose Regional Geochemical Survey (NMPRGS) project has provided higher density and more systematic geochemical data of surface and deep sediment from more than 150 freshwater lakes in China. This paper builds on the information obtained from the NMPRGS project and presents the geochemical background values of lake sediments for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, TN, TP, TOC and pH for the national freshwater lakes in China. Statistics show that the heavy metal elements As, Cd, Hg and TP, TOC have been accumulating significantly in the surface sediments, indicating changes in lake sediment quality across the country caused by extensive human activities. In this paper, we also discussed the uncertainties in risk assessment using existing international sediment guidelines. Therefore, efforts should be made on establishing the sediment quality guidelines for China. Such guidelines should take full consideration of geochemical background of chemical elements in freshwater lake sediments in China, and is critical for the improvement of lake environment management and pollution prevention & control in the country.

Key words:  geochemical background, freshwater lake, sediment, sediment quality guideline

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