Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorous in the water of Qionghai Lake, Sichuan Province and their response to ecological environment

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.86

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this article was to explore the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Qionghai Lake. We analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of TN, $NH 4 +$ -N and TP concentrations of water samples from 11 lake sampling sites in 2020. The relationships between nitrogen/phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentrations were discussed, and the eutrophication status of the Qionghai Lake was evaluated in order to strengthen the prevention and control of lake eutrophication and ensure the safety of the lake water source. The results showed that TN concentrations ranged from 0.315-0.500 mg·L^-1, with a mean value of 0.399 mg·L^-1, and $NH 4 +$ -N concentrations ranged from 0.063-0.171 mg·L^-1, with a mean value of 0.098 mg·L^-1, both meeting the standard for grade Ⅱ surface water of lake and reservoir; while TP concentrations also met the standard, with a range of 0.019-0.035 mg·L^-1 and a mean value of 0.023 mg·L^-1. Both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the Qionghai Lake show temporal and spatial differences: TN, $NH 4 +$ -N and TP concentrations varied significantly with time and were higher in dry season than in wet season; they have similar spatial distribution patterns, with high concentration areas mainly observed at station 1 (Haihekou) and 10 (Gaojian Bay) in the northwestern part of the lake, and were all higher in the northwest than in the east of the lake. The average TN/TP ratio was higher in the dry season, characterized by phosphorous limitation, than in the wet season, characterized by nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. TN, TP and $NH 4 +$ -N concentrations positively correlated with Chla concentration, indicating nitrogen and phosphorous could promote the algae growth. Evaluation of eutrophication in the Qionghai Lake showed that the average trophic status index (TSI) value for the lake was 38.011; and the study area was in a mesotrophic state as a whole, with a higher TSI value for the northwest and a lower TSI value for the east.

Key words: Qionghai Lake, nitrogen, phosphorus, temporal and spatial distribution, chlorophyll-a, eutrophication

CLC Number:

X141

SHI Yao, ZHANG Lei, QIN Yanwen, MA Yingqun, YANG Chenchen, LIU Zhichao, ZHU Huailin. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorous in the water of Qionghai Lake, Sichuan Province and their response to ecological environment[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 495-505.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Fundamental information of the sampling sites

编号	断面名称	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)
1	海河口	102.275 6	27.860 7
2	邛海宾馆	102.273 5	27.844 4
3	二水厂取水口	102.278 8	27.830 8
4	湖心	102.323 7	27.818 7
5	青龙寺	102.338 1	27.816 8
6	官坝河入湖口影响区	102.320 0	27.832 7
7	鹅掌河入湖口影响区	102.315 8	27.806 9
8	小青河入湖口影响区	102.337 2	27.802 4
9	小渔村	102.287 8	27.840 0
10	高枧湾	102.280 0	27.857 2
11	月亮湾	102.284 0	27.846 0

Fig.1 Distribution diagram of sampling sites

Table 2 Correlations of rij, r i j 2 between some parameters and Chla in Chinese lakes

相关系数	Chla	TP	TN	SD	COD_Mn
r_ij	1	0.84	0.82	-0.83	0.83
$r i j 2$	1	0.705 6	0.672 4	0.688 9	0.688 9

Table 2 Correlations of rij, r i j 2 between some parameters and Chla in Chinese lakes

相关系数	Chla	TP	TN	SD	COD_Mn
r_ij	1	0.84	0.82	-0.83	0.83
$r i j 2$	1	0.705 6	0.672 4	0.688 9	0.688 9

Fig.2 Temporal Variations of TN, NH 4 +-N, TP concentrations in Qionghai Lake

Fig.3 Monthly rainfall in Xichang in 2020

Table 3 Comparison of the average concentrations of TN, NH 4 +-N and TP in different lakes in China

湖泊名称	TN浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	$NH 4 +$ -N浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	TP浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	文献
洞庭湖	1.83	0.26	0.081	[25]
太湖	1.80	—	0.06	[26]
鄱阳湖	1.23	—	0.062	[27]
汉丰湖	1.519	0.09	0.176	[28]
岱海	3.93	0.21	0.111	[29]
洱海	0.62	—	0.03	[30]
滇池	2.37	0.38	0.29	[31]
邛海	0.399	0.098	0.023	本研究

Table 3 Comparison of the average concentrations of TN, NH 4 +-N and TP in different lakes in China

湖泊名称	TN浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	$NH 4 +$ -N浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	TP浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	文献
洞庭湖	1.83	0.26	0.081	[25]
太湖	1.80	—	0.06	[26]
鄱阳湖	1.23	—	0.062	[27]
汉丰湖	1.519	0.09	0.176	[28]
岱海	3.93	0.21	0.111	[29]
洱海	0.62	—	0.03	[30]
滇池	2.37	0.38	0.29	[31]
邛海	0.399	0.098	0.023	本研究

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of TN、 NH 4 +-N and TP concentrations in water of Qionghai Lake

Fig.5 Variation characteristics of TN/TP ratio in Qionghai Lake

Table 4 Pearson coefficients between TN, NH 4 +-N, TP and Chla in Qionghai Lake

水期	指标	Chla	TN	$NH 4 +$ -N	TP
枯水期	Chla	1
	TN	0.741^**	1
	$NH 4 +$ -N	0.688^*	0.494	1
	TP	0.960^**	0.700^*	0.634^*	1
丰水期	Chla	1
	TN	0.910^**	1
	$NH 4 +$ -N	0.926^**	0.962^**	1
	TP	0.988^*	0.955^**	0.955^**	1

Table 4 Pearson coefficients between TN, NH 4 +-N, TP and Chla in Qionghai Lake

水期	指标	Chla	TN	$NH 4 +$ -N	TP
枯水期	Chla	1
	TN	0.741^**	1
	$NH 4 +$ -N	0.688^*	0.494	1
	TP	0.960^**	0.700^*	0.634^*	1
丰水期	Chla	1
	TN	0.910^**	1
	$NH 4 +$ -N	0.926^**	0.962^**	1
	TP	0.988^*	0.955^**	0.955^**	1

Fig.6 Regression models between Chla concentration and TN, NH 4 +-N,TP during dry periods

Fig.7 Regression models between Chla concentration and TN, NH 4 +-N,TP during wet periods

Table 5 Changes of eutrophication index in Qionghai Lake

断面编号	营养状态指数值	富营养化状态	断面编号	营养状态指数值	富营养化状态
1	46.230	中营养	7	36.221	中营养
2	38.530	中营养	8	34.847	中营养
3	34.838	中营养	9	36.809	中营养
4	33.761	中营养	10	49.036	中营养
5	33.836	中营养	11	37.633	中营养
6	36.383	中营养

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