Discovery of volcanic rocks in the Pingchau Formation in Tungpingchau, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and geological implications

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.87

Abstract

Abstract:

The age of the Pingchau Formation in Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark has been controversial due to lack of geochronological data. In this study a new volcanic interbed was discovered in the lower part of the middle section of the Pingchau Formation, and identified as rhyolitic vitric tuff by thin section analysis. To better understand the petrology and genesis of Pingchau volcanic rocks a detailed geochronology and geochemical study was conducted through zircon U-Pb dating and major and trace element analysis. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of zircons from two rock samples yielded Early Cretaceous age. These rock samples have high total alkalis (w(Na₂O+K₂O)) content (5.58%-9.45%), and show obvious light rare earth element fractionation; they are enriched in light rare earth elements and depleted in heavy rare earth elements, with appearance of Eu anomalies. The rock samples are enriched in large ionic lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Ba), high field strength elements (e.g., Th, U, Pb, Zr), extremely depleted in Sr, and relatively depleted in Ta and Nb. Combined with previous studies on Late Mesozoic volcanic belt in southeastern China, we propose that volcanic rocks of the Pingchau Formation were likely originated from partial melting of crustal rocks in back-arc extensional setting induced by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, and formed by late-stage Early Cretaceous volcanic activity in Hong Kong in association with large-scale lithospheric extension, thinning and magmatism along the southeast coast of China. The petrogeochemical and isotopic chronology data in this paper are the latest on the Pingchau Formation, and our results provide valuable new information for better understanding Early Cretaceous volcanism and tectonic evolution in southeastern China.

Key words: Pingchau Formation, zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry, Early Cretaceous, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark

CLC Number:

P597
P595

WANG Lulin, LIU Xiaohong, ZHANG Zhiguang. Discovery of volcanic rocks in the Pingchau Formation in Tungpingchau, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and geological implications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 239-258.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Simplified tectonic map of southeastern China. Modified after [32-33].

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of Tungpingchau, Hong Kong and adjacent area. Modified after [34].

Fig.3 (a) Geological sketch map of the study area (modified after [31]) and (b) stratigraphic profile of the Pingchau Formation

Fig.4 Field outcrop (a), hand specimen (b), and thin sections (c, d) of rhyolitic vitric tuff from the key bed of the Pingchau Formation

Fig.5 Cross-section of the edge of the key bed at Lunglokshui on the western coast of Tungpingchau

Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth element contents in volcanic rock samples from the Pingchau Formation

Fig.6 (a) Geochemical classification diagram (adapted from [44]) and (b) plot of (Na2O+K2O) vs. SiO2 (adapted from [45]) for rhyolitic vitric tuff samples from the Pingchau Formation

Fig.7 (a) Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (modified from [46]), and (b) N-MORB-normalized spidergram (modified from [48]) for rhyolitic vitric tuff of the Pingchau Formation

Fig.8 (a) CL images, (b) concordia plots of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages, and (c) weighted mean age plot for the rhyolitic vitric tuff sample PC1 from the Pingchau Formation

Fig.9 (a) CL images, (b) concordia plot of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages, and (c) weighted mean age plot for rhyolitic vitric tuff sample PC9 from the Pingchau Formation

Table 2 LA-MC-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data for samples PC1 and PC9

Table 3 Chronological association between Pingchhao volcanic rocks and Middle-Jurassic to Early-Cretaceous volcanic activities in Hong Kong and Dapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen

Table 4 Field and petrographic characteristic of the newly discovered volcanic rocks from the Pingchau Formation and Kausaichau Volcanic Group

特征	滘西洲火山岩群(141 Ma)^[4,11]		平洲组火山岩 ((140.3±0.8) Ma,(139.3±0.9) Ma)
特征	粮船湾凝灰岩	清水湾熔岩或凝灰岩		流纹质玻屑凝灰岩
颜色	粉灰色	蓝灰色或黑色	灰色或浅灰色
结构	含晶屑细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩	斑状熔岩和细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩	细火山灰玻屑凝灰岩
成分	高硅流纹岩(SiO₂含量>75%)	粗面英安岩或高硅流纹岩(SiO₂含量为64%~77%)	高硅流纹岩(平均SiO₂含量为74.44%)
斑晶	石英、奥长石、正长石、条纹长石、透长石和云母(约20%)	钠长石、透长石、微纹长石、正长石、石英(<8%)	长石、石英
岩屑	很少	很少	很少
玻璃质	很少	常见	常见
构造	无熔结或强熔结	流纹状熔结或强熔结	流纹状或块状

Fig.10 Genetic model and tectonic environment of the Pingchau volcanic rocks. Modified after [85].

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