Tectonic evolution of and hydrocarbon accumulation in the western Junggar Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.19

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the surface outcrop, seismic, drilling and dating data, the multi-stage tectonic evolution of the basin-mountain junction zone, western Junggar Basin is studied. The present basin-mountain structure is the result of multi-stage basin evolution under tectonic superposition and basin-orogenic belt interaction, where six tectonostratigraphic sequences—Carboniferous, Lower-Middle Permian, Upper Permian-Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic—are delineated according to stratigraphic unconformities. In the western basin, Late Carboniferous tectonic activities form the Chepaizi and Zhongguai uplifts and Mahu, Shawan and Sikeshu sags. Under Early Permian extensional tectonic environment, three subsidence-sedimentation centers developed in the piedmont of Mahu, Shawan and Sikeshu, while important hydrocarbon source rocks formed in the west of the basin. Late-Middle Permian tectonic movement results in the inversion, uplift and denudation of the western piedmont sedimentary strata and basin-ward thrust fault. Large-scale Late Permian-Triassic depressions are centered in the Shawan sag and controlled by the northern fault of the Chepaizi uplift, with strata overlapping northward and westward burying, successively, the Zhongguai uplift, Mahu sag and piedmont fault belts. Pre-Jurassic tectonic coupling between the orogenic belt and basin varies in both style and intensity: From the Jurassic to Cretaceous, weak tectonic activities lead to continuous basin expansion and strata overlapping toward the orogenic belt, along with S-N/E-W migration of subsidence-sedimentation centers. While in the Cenozoic, strong depression in the North Tianshan results in the whole basin to tilt N-S, forming a Neogene foreland basin. Eventually, the multi-stage basin tilting/overturning and the late-stage overlaying of sedimentary strata over orogenic belt control the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western Junggar Basin, where late-stage buried thrust belt becomes the oil/gas enrichment zone.

Key words: basin-mountain structure, basin-mountain coupling, tectonic superposition, tectonic evolution, western Junggar Basin

CLC Number:

WANG Xiaojun, SONG Yong, ZHENG Menglin, GUO Xuguang, WU Haisheng, REN Haijiao, WANG Tao, CHANG Qiusheng, HE Wunjun, WANG Xiatian, GUO Jianchen, HUO Jinjie. Tectonic evolution of and hydrocarbon accumulation in the western Junggar Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(6): 188-205.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Structural framework of the basin-mountain junction zone, western Junggar Basin

Fig.2 Tectonic stratigraphic sequence and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage in the western Junggar Basin

Fig.3 Seismic geological interpretation profiles along survey lines (locations see Fig.1) in the western Junggar Basin

Fig.4 Cross-sections (N-S) showing the geological evolution of the western Junggar Basin

Fig.5 Sedimentary thickness in the Lower Permian Fengcheng (A), Lower Triassic Baikouquan (B), Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Lower Cretaceous Qinshuihe (D) formations, Junggar Basin

Fig.6 Petroleum distribution map of the western Junggar Basin

Fig.7 Petroleum accumulation characteristics of sag and piedmont fault belt

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