Reactive materials and structural design of PRB for remediation of a Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated sit

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.3

Abstract

Abstract:

Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is widely used overseas in large scale groundwater remediation. It has attracted much interest in China because of the advantages of using no external power, occupying little surface space, and low operating cost. Since hydrogeological conditions, pollutant types, and distribution of pollution plume vary in different sites, early site investigation, reactive material selection, and reaction wall structural design are highly significant for the effective operation of PRB. This paper, taking the example of PRB application in remediation of a Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated site in Henan Province, describes in detail the research process and the results of site investigation, material screening, reaction parameter determination, and PRB structural optimization in preparation for PRB application. It shows that the PRB remediation technology is applicable to this site, and material containing cast iron and activated carbon is the best remediation material. The U-shaped funnel-gate PRB has a 40 m long reaction gate and two 60 m long water barriers. It can effectively capture and rehabilitate the contaminated plume at a much less engineering cost than continuous reaction wall PRB. So the U-shaped funnel-gate PRB is thought to be the optimal PRB structure for this site.

Key words: PRB, groundwater pollution, Cr(Ⅵ), site survey and evaluation, design of PRB

CLC Number:

X523
X505

LI Zhihong, WANG Guangcai, CAI Wutian, LIU Fei, HUANG Dandan. Reactive materials and structural design of PRB for remediation of a Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated sit[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 186-196.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Spatial distribution of TDS for sampling sites (a) and Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations (b)

Fig.2 Hydrogeological column of contaminated site

Table 1 Material information

材料类型	材料编号	粒径/目	原产地	材料价格/ (元·t^-1)
还原铁粉	IA IB IC	20~40	河南巩义河北石家庄山西晋城	2 400
铸铁	CID CIE CIG	20~40 10~24 20~40	河南安阳河北灵寿河北灵寿	2 400
沸石	ZA ZB ZC	20~40	河北承德河北灵寿河北灵寿	320
活性炭	YCA YCB GCA	20~40 10~24 20~40	河北承德河北灵寿河北灵寿	8 800

Fig.3 Results of batch experiments for Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency variation with material (a), material dosage (b), reaction time (c), and cast iron to active carbon ratio (d)

Table 2 Results of column testing of chemical composition of inlet water

常量离子	平均浓度ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)
Cr(Ⅵ)	161.31
总Cr	345.02
K⁺	2.53
Ca²⁺	189.49
Mg²⁺	161.23
Na⁺	390.33
Cl^-	235.79
$NO 3 -$	173.90
$SO 4 2 -$	981.44
$HCO 3 -$	590.56

Table 2 Results of column testing of chemical composition of inlet water

常量离子	平均浓度ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)
Cr(Ⅵ)	161.31
总Cr	345.02
K⁺	2.53
Ca²⁺	189.49
Mg²⁺	161.23
Na⁺	390.33
Cl^-	235.79
$NO 3 -$	173.90
$SO 4 2 -$	981.44
$HCO 3 -$	590.56

Fig.4 Device of column test experiments

Fig.5 Variation of Cr(Ⅵ) concentration with PV value in effluent water at the side hole and outlet of test column

Fig.6 Relationship between ln(CCr(VI)/C0) and reaction time, where C0is the initial Cr(VI) concentration in inlet water

Fig.7 Variation of cation (a) and anion (b) contents in column effluent

Fig.8 Simulated distribution map of pollution plume

Fig.9 Remediation effect of 120 m long PRB on contaminated plume after one (a) and five-year (b) operations

Fig.10 Remediation effect of funnel-gate PRB on contaminated plume after one (a) and five-year (b) operations

Fig.11 Remediation effects of funnel-gate PRB on contaminated plume by adding a layer of gravel to the upstream and downstream (a) or using U-shaped PRB (b)

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